Influence of Traditional and Nontraditional Entries on Figure Skating Jumps

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not adding a non-traditional jump entry into a routine is more beneficial to the skater or if there is more value in performing the same jump with a traditional entry. Specifically, the study examined the kinematics of a non-traditional verses a traditional jump entry by looking at the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at take-off and landing. Maximum jump height, airtime, and horizontal displacement were also examined. It was hypothesized that non-traditional entries would change jump kinematics when compared to the same jumps performed from traditional entries. Ten skilled figure skaters volunteered to participate in the study and each was videotaped performing five trails of either a double salchow or a double toe loop using a traditional entry and five trials of the same jump using a non-traditional entry. The collected data were analyzed with DartFish and a series of paired samples t-tests compared the ankle, knee and hip angles at take-off and at landing, maximum jump height, air time, and horizontal displacement between traditional and non-traditional entries. The significance level of .05 was adjusted using a Bonferonni correction. It was determined that the significant findings were that maximum jump height increased from 0.36 + 0.14 m in the traditional entry to 0.44 + 0.15 m in the non-traditional entry and the ankle demonstrated more plantar flexion at landing (90.5o+ 8.6o) in the nontraditional jump than in the traditional jump (85.7o+ 12.9o). These findings indicate that greater jump height may be a by-product of performing jumps with a more difficult take-off position and the non-traditional jump landing is different when compared to the traditional landing of those jumps because of the greater plantar flexion. Future research should be directed towards studying different aspects of jump difficulty to gain a better understanding of the influence of traditional versus non-traditional entries jumps as a whole

Sources of Dignity for Persons: Capacities, Friendship, Love and Subjectivity

Many people seem to understand the term \u27dignity\u27 as applying to all human persons regardless of their race, creed, sex, or religious beliefs. As to what the concept \u27dignity\u27 means is a difficult and complex problem. Is the concept \u27dignity\u27 an empty concept, void of meaning? What does it mean when we say that this or that person has dignity? Most of the current philosophical literature has very little to say as to what dignity is. I will argue that what we need to find is a concept of dignity that accounts for both the infinite and the irreplaceable value of the human person. Following Kant and Linda Zagzebski, we can say that to be irreplaceable is to be above all comparison and to be of infinite value is to be above all price. This paper will explore how to understand the two aspects of dignity; infinite and irreplaceable value as being necessary components in understanding our intuitions that we have about human persons having \u27dignity\u27. To show how both aspects of dignity are necessary, this paper will explore intuitions of the irreplaceability and infinite value of human persons by looking at the concrete experiences that we have of friendship and love. We will look at Gabriel Marcel\u27s definition of the human person and methodology to see if we can better understand the irreplaceable aspect of the human person. In the last few pages of this thesis we will see how to metaphysically tie the knot between these two aspects

Influence of Traditional and Nontraditional Entries on Figure Skating Jumps

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not adding a non-traditional jump entry into a routine is more beneficial to the skater or if there is more value in performing the same jump with a traditional entry. Specifically, the study examined the kinematics of a non-traditional verses a traditional jump entry by looking at the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at take-off and landing. Maximum jump height, airtime, and horizontal displacement were also examined. It was hypothesized that non-traditional entries would change jump kinematics when compared to the same jumps performed from traditional entries. Ten skilled figure skaters volunteered to participate in the study and each was videotaped performing five trails of either a double salchow or a double toe loop using a traditional entry and five trials of the same jump using a non-traditional entry. The collected data were analyzed with DartFish and a series of paired samples t-tests compared the ankle, knee and hip angles at take-off and at landing, maximum jump height, air time, and horizontal displacement between traditional and non-traditional entries. The significance level of .05 was adjusted using a Bonferonni correction. It was determined that the significant findings were that maximum jump height increased from 0.36 + 0.14 m in the traditional entry to 0.44 + 0.15 m in the non-traditional entry and the ankle demonstrated more plantar flexion at landing (90.5o+ 8.6o) in the nontraditional jump than in the traditional jump (85.7o+ 12.9o). These findings indicate that greater jump height may be a by-product of performing jumps with a more difficult take-off position and the non-traditional jump landing is different when compared to the traditional landing of those jumps because of the greater plantar flexion. Future research should be directed towards studying different aspects of jump difficulty to gain a better understanding of the influence of traditional versus non-traditional entries jumps as a whole

Influence of Traditional and Nontraditional Entries on Figure Skating Jumps

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not adding a non-traditional jump entry into a routine is more beneficial to the skater or if there is more value in performing the same jump with a traditional entry. Specifically, the study examined the kinematics of a non-traditional verses a traditional jump entry by looking at the angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at take-off and landing. Maximum jump height, airtime, and horizontal displacement were also examined. It was hypothesized that non-traditional entries would change jump kinematics when compared to the same jumps performed from traditional entries. Ten skilled figure skaters volunteered to participate in the study and each was videotaped performing five trails of either a double salchow or a double toe loop using a traditional entry and five trials of the same jump using a non-traditional entry. The collected data were analyzed with DartFish and a series of paired samples t-tests compared the ankle, knee and hip angles at take-off and at landing, maximum jump height, air time, and horizontal displacement between traditional and non-traditional entries. The significance level of .05 was adjusted using a Bonferonni correction. It was determined that the significant findings were that maximum jump height increased from 0.36 + 0.14 m in the traditional entry to 0.44 + 0.15 m in the non-traditional entry and the ankle demonstrated more plantar flexion at landing (90.5o+ 8.6o) in the nontraditional jump than in the traditional jump (85.7o+ 12.9o). These findings indicate that greater jump height may be a by-product of performing jumps with a more difficult take-off position and the non-traditional jump landing is different when compared to the traditional landing of those jumps because of the greater plantar flexion. Future research should be directed towards studying different aspects of jump difficulty to gain a better understanding of the influence of traditional versus non-traditional entries jumps as a whole

The Pollution-Exclusion Conspiracy: A Newly Recognized Basis for Recovery

Did liability insurance companies conspire to introduce an ambiguous pollution exclusion in their standard-form policies at the advent of the federal environmental regulatory framework in the early 1970s? The drafting and regulatory approval history of the pollution-exclusion clause, as well as court decisions that analyze the circumstances and history of the exclusion\u27s development, indicate that the answer is yes. The controversy regarding the scope of the pollution exclusion has spawned hundreds of insurance coverage cases. Recently, several state appellate courts, upon a determination of ambiguity in the language of the policy, have reviewed the drafting and the regulatory history of the exclusion and uncovered compelling evidence that the insurance companies conspired to knowingly create the ambiguity. Insurance companies introduced the pollution exclusion which denied coverage for liability from unexpected and unintended pollution without a commensurate reduction in the premium. This paper begins with a brief review of the drafting and regulatory approval history of the pollution exclusion and the case law that has applied and interpreted it. The paper then addresses the argument that the insurance industry should be estopped from denying coverage for unexpected and unintended gradually occurring pollution based on its prior misrepresentations to state regulators. The paper then specifically addresses whether the insurance industry intentionally deceived both the regulators and the public alike as to the extent and scope of the exclusion. The paper concludes that the evidence strongly suggests that there was a conspiracy designed to mislead state regulators and policyholders regarding the changes wrought by the insertion of the pollution-exclusion clause into comprehensive general liability policies

Wide bandgap semiconductor from a hidden 2D incommensurate graphene phase

Producing a usable semiconducting form of graphene has plagued the development of graphene electronics for nearly two decades. Now that new preparation methods have become available, graphene's intrinsic properties can be measured and the search for semiconducting graphene has begun to produce results. This is the case of the first graphene "buffer" layer grown on SiC(0001) presented in this work. We show, contrary to assumptions of the last forty years, that the buffer graphene layer is not commensurate with SiC. The new modulated structure we've found resolves a long standing contradiction where ab initio calculations expect a metallic buffer, while experimentally it is found to be a semiconductor. Model calculations using the new incommensurate structure show that the semiconducting $\pi$-band character of the buffer comes from partially hybridized graphene incommensurate boundaries surrounding unperturbed graphene islands.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, 47 references, supplemental material: 15 pages, 4 figure

Reading in the Kindergarten: a Comparative Study of Opposing Views

It was the purpose of this study to attempt to bring together differing opinions and research concerning the teaching of formal reading skills to children of kindergarten age. In order to establish evidence relevant to the problem, the following question was considered: Should the teaching of formal reading skills be a part of the kindergarten curriculum? In view of the question, this paper attempted to study from the literature whether formal reading skills should be taught to children in kindergarten classes

Berlin Dada and Hannah Hoch

Professional paper.1983 Spring.Includes bibliographic references (page 24)