Evaluacion economica de una planta de cultivo de ostra del pacifico en la desembocadura del rio Mataquito

81 p.La ostra del Pacífico es un molusco bivalvo de origen japonés, su nombre científico es Crassostrea gigas y fue introducido en Chile durante la década de los 70. Es un alimento muy saludable, ya que contiene bajos niveles de grasa y altos niveles de proteínas. La producción de este molusco está concentrada fuertemente en la Décima Región alcanzando un 99% de ésta. Dado a que la ostra del Pacífico presenta una alta demanda, tanto en el mercado nacional como en el internacional y las condiciones necesarias para crear un cultivo de ostras no exigen mayores requerimientos, se presenta la inquietud de evaluar si la Séptima Región pudiera llegar a transformarse en una zona apta para el cultivo al igual que la Décima Región. Es por esto que este proyecto pretende determinar si ésta cumple con las condiciones necesarias para la implementación de un cultivo de ostra del Pacífico, debido principalmente a la escasa competencia existente en la región y a la creciente demanda por alimentos de ésta índole, además cabe destacar que ésta región posee las condiciones hídricas necesarias para la realización de este tipo de cultivo. Para implementar este proyecto es necesaria una inversión de $32.580.413 y de acuerdo al consumo, precios promedios en Chile y los flujos de caja netos proyectados, el periodo de recuperación del capital es de tres años. El financiamiento de este proyecto será realizado en un 55$90.054.181. El precio promedio de la ostra en el mercado chileno es de $150 y de acuerdo a las expectativas de ventas que son 204.000 unidades anuales se obtuvo un Valor Actual Neto de los flujos de caja para los siete años de duración del proyecto de$73.110.290 y una de Tasa Interna de Retorno de 43% a una Tasa de Descuento relevante de 10,37%

Search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

This is the pre-print version of the Published Article which can be accessed from the link below.A search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in the final state with two muons and two jets is performed using proton-proton collision data at √s=7  TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34  pb-1. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions from the standard model processes. An upper limit is set on the second-generation leptoquark cross section times β2 as a function of the leptoquark mass, and leptoquarks with masses below 394 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for β=1, where β is the leptoquark branching fraction into a muon and a quark. These limits are the most stringent to date

First measurement of Bose-Einstein correlations in proton-proton collisions at √s=0.9 and 2.36 TeV at the LHC

Bose-Einstein correlations have been measured using samples of proton-proton collisions at 0.9 and 2.36 TeV center-of-mass energies, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of same-sign charged particles with small relative four-momentum. The size of the correlated particle emission region is seen to increase significantly with the particle multiplicity of the event

Search for a W ' boson decaying to a muon and a neutrino in pp collisions at √s =7 TeV

This is the Pre-Print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2011 ElsevierA new heavy gauge boson, W', decaying to a muon and a neutrino, is searched for in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass of 7 TeV. The data, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. No significant excess of events above the standard model expectation is found in the transverse mass distribution of the muon-neutrino system. Masses below 1.40 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level for a sequential standard-model-like W'. The W' mass lower limit increases to 1.58 TeV when the present analysis is combined with the CMS result for the electron channel.This work is supported by the FMSR (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP (Brazil); MES (Bulgaria); CERN; CAS, MoST, and NSFC (China); COLCIENCIAS (Colombia); MSES (Croatia); RPF (Cyprus); Academy of Sciences and NICPB (Estonia); Academy of Finland, ME, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF (Germany); GSRT (Greece); OTKA and NKTH (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); IPM (Iran); SFI (Ireland); INFN (Italy); NRF and WCU (Korea); LAS (Lithuania); CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI (Mexico); PAEC (Pakistan); SCSR (Poland); FCT (Portugal); JINR (Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan); MST and MAE (Russia); MSTD (Serbia); MICINN and CPAN (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); NSC (Taipei); TUBITAK and TAEK (Turkey); STFC (United Kingdom); DOE and NSF (USA)

Observation of long-range, near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC

This is the pre-print version of the Published Article, which can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 Springer VerlagResults on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles emitted in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV are presented, using data collected with the CMS detector over a broad range of pseudorapidity (eta) and azimuthal angle (phi). Short-range correlations in Delta(eta), which are studied in minimum bias events, are characterized using a simple "independent cluster" parametrization in order to quantify their strength (cluster size) and their extent in eta (cluster decay width). Long-range azimuthal correlations are studied differentially as a function of charged particle multiplicity and particle transverse momentum using a 980 inverse nb data set at 7 TeV. In high multiplicity events, a pronounced structure emerges in the two-dimensional correlation function for particle pairs with intermediate transverse momentum of 1-3 GeV/c, 2.0< |Delta(eta)| <4.8 and Delta(phi) near 0. This is the first observation of such a long-range, near-side feature in two-particle correlation functions in pp or p p-bar collisions

Measurement of the inclusive Z cross section via decays to tau pairs in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

The first measurement of inclusive Z > tau(+) tau(-) production in pp collisions at the LHC is presented, in the final states mu+hadrons, e+hadrons, e-mu, and mu+mu. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb(-1) collected with the CMS detector. The measured cross section is sigma (pp -> ZX) x B (Z -> tau(+)tau(-)) = 1.00 +/- 0.05 (stat.)+/- 0.08 (syst.) +/- 0.04 (lumi.) nb, which is in good agreement with the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD prediction and improves on previous measurements in the Z -> e(+)e(-) and mu(+)mu(-) channels. The reconstruction efficiency for hadronic T decays is determined with a precision of 7%

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Search for large extra dimensions in the diphoton final state at the Large Hadron Collider

28 páginas, 3 figuras, 3 tablas.-- CMS Collaboration: et al.-- Open Access: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License.A search for large extra spatial dimensions via virtual-graviton exchange in the diphoton channel has been carried out with the CMS detector at the LHC. No excess of events above the standard model expectations is found using a data sample collected in proton-proton collisions at ps = 7TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-1. New lower limits on the e ective Planck scale in the range of 1.6-2.3TeV at the 95% con dence level are set, providing the most restrictive bounds to date on models with more than two large extra dimensions.Peer reviewe