Main Elements of Logistics

Virtually lossless self-compression of 10-mJ 3.9-um sub-100 fs pulses in bulk YAG resulting in 9-mJ 33-fs pulses is reported. Generated peak power exceeds 250 GW which is suitable for filamentation in ambient air

Self-Guided Propagation of Ultrashort Laser Pulses in the Anomalous Dispersion Region of Transparent Solids: A New Regime of Filamentation

International audienceWe report measurements concerning the propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in fused silica with a wavelength at 1.9 μm falling in the negative group velocity dispersion region. Under sub-GW excitation power, stable filaments are observed over several cm showing the emergence of nonspreading pulses both in space and time. At higher excitation powers, one observes first multiple pulse splitting followed by the emergence of the quasispatiotemporal solitary filament. These results are well reproduced by numerical simulations

Enhancing Branch-and-Bound for Multi-Objective 0-1 Programming

In the bi-objective branch-and-bound literature, a key ingredient is objective branching, i.e. to create smaller and disjoint sub-problems in the objective space, obtained from the partial dominance of the lower bound set by the upper bound set. When considering three or more objective functions, however, applying objective branching becomes more complex, and its benefit has so far been unclear. In this paper, we investigate several ingredients which allow to better exploit objective branching in a multi-objective setting. We extend the idea of probing to multiple objectives, enhance it in several ways, and show that when coupled with objective branching, it results in significant speed-ups in terms of CPU times. We also investigate cut generation based on the objective branching constraints. Besides, we generalize the best-bound idea for node selection to multiple objectives and we show that the proposed rules outperform the, in the multi-objective literature, commonly employed depth-first and breadth-first strategies. We also analyze problem specific branching rules. We test the proposed ideas on available benchmark instances for three problem classes with three and four objectives, namely the capacitated facility location problem, the uncapacitated facility location problem, and the knapsack problem. Our enhanced multi-objective branch-and-bound algorithm outperforms the best existing branch-and-bound based approach and is the first to obtain competitive and even slightly better results than a state-of-the-art objective space search method on a subset of the problem classes

Indication of insensitivity of planetary weathering behavior and habitable zone to surface land fraction

It is likely that unambiguous habitable zone terrestrial planets of unknown water content will soon be discovered. Water content helps determine surface land fraction, which influences planetary weathering behavior. This is important because the silicate weathering feedback determines the width of the habitable zone in space and time. Here a low-order model of weathering and climate, useful for gaining qualitative understanding, is developed to examine climate evolution for planets of various land-ocean fractions. It is pointed out that, if seafloor weathering does not depend directly on surface temperature, there can be no weathering-climate feedback on a waterworld. This would dramatically narrow the habitable zone of a waterworld. Results from our model indicate that weathering behavior does not depend strongly on land fraction for partially ocean-covered planets. This is powerful because it suggests that previous habitable zone theory is robust to changes in land fraction, as long as there is some land. Finally, a mechanism is proposed for a waterworld to prevent complete water loss during a moist greenhouse through rapid weathering of exposed continents. This process is named a "waterworld self-arrest," and it implies that waterworlds can go through a moist greenhouse stage and end up as planets like Earth with partial ocean coverage. This work stresses the importance of surface and geologic effects, in addition to the usual incident stellar flux, for habitability.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted at Ap

Des amplificateurs laser aux amplificateurs paramétriques : études de l'amplification paramétrique optique à dérive de fréquence et du blocage de modes dans les oscillateurs paramétriques optiques

Like the well known Ti:Sapphire laser medium, some optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) exhibit gain bandwidths large enough to generate and amplify optical pulses among the shortest (In the first section, the three wave mixing process is studied from a theoretical point of view, the plane wave solutions in a bulk non linear crystal are derived and a geometrical interpretation is given. Periodically poled non linear crystals are also studied as well as quasi-phase matching.The second section is dedicated to the experimental study of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) at 1054nm. Two high gain (>106) preamplifiers, based on bulk BBO and PPLN crystals, are studied and compared. The question of temporal pulse contrast – a key issue for ultra-high intensity laser chains – is extensively studied. The contrast of several OPCPA systems is compared and its various contributions (parametric fluorescence, amplitude noise of the pump pulse) are identified and quantified.The last section of this work deals with continuous mode-locked optical parametric oscillators (ML-OPO), as well from a theoretical point of view than from an experimental point of view. The first quasi-continuous, actively mode-locked and doubly resonant ML-OPO is demonstrated at 1 micron.A l'instar du Ti:saphir, certains amplificateurs paramétriques optiques (OPA) possèdent des bandes de gain suffisamment larges pour générer et amplifier des impulsions optiques parmi les plus courtes (La première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à un rappel de la physique du mélange à trois ondes dans les cristaux massifs, suivi d'une interprétation géométrique des solutions obtenues en ondes planes. La seconde partie est consacrée à l'étude expérimentale des performances de l'amplification paramétrique optique à dérive de fréquence (OPCPA) à 1054 nm.. Deux préamplificateurs OPCPA présentant des gains supérieurs à 106, l'un à base de cristaux massifs de BBO, l'autre à base de PPLN, sont étudiés et comparés expérimentalement. La question du contraste temporel des impulsions amplifiées par OPCPA – question centrale pour les sources ultra-intenses – fait l'objet d'études théoriques et expérimentales spécifiques. Le contraste de plusieurs sources OPCPA sont comparés et ses diverses composantes (fluorescence paramétrique, bruit d'amplitude sur l'impulsion de pompe) sont identifiées et quantifiées.La dernière partie du travail de thèse porte sur la possibilité de réaliser un oscillateur paramétrique optique à modes bloqués (ML-OPO) à partir d'une source de pompe continue. Ce travail comporte également un volet théorique et un volet expérimental : une étude théorique systématique des ML-OPO (simplement et doublement résonnants) et la première démonstration expérimentale d'un ML-OPO quasi-continu et doublement résonnant à 1 micron

Energy-scalable temporal cleaning device for femtosecond laser pulsesbased on cross-polarized wave generation

International audienceWe report on a compact energy-scalable device for generating high-fidelity femtosecond laser pulses based on spatial filtering through a hollow-core fiber followed by a nonlinear crystal for crosspolarized wave (XPW) generation. This versatile device is suited for temporal pulse cleaning over a wide range of input energies (from 0.1 to >10 mJ) and is successfully qualified on different ultrafast laser systems. Full characterization of the XPW output is presented. In particular, we demonstrate the generation of 1.6 mJ energy pulses starting from 11 mJ input pulse energy. The temporal contrast of the pulses is enhanced by more than 4 orders of magnitude. In addition, pulse shortening from 40 fs down to 15 fs Fourier-transform limit yields an overall peak-power transmission of up to 50%. This device not only serves as an integrated pulse contrast filter inside an ultrafast laser amplifier but also as a simple back-end solution for temporal post-compression of amplified pulses

Opening a new window to other worlds with spectropolarimetry

A high level of diversity has already been observed among the planets of our own Solar System. As such, one expects extrasolar planets to present a wide range of distinctive features, therefore the characterisation of Earth- and super Earth-like planets is becoming of key importance in scientific research. The SEARCH (Spectropolarimetric Exoplanet AtmospheRe CHaracerisation) mission proposal of this paper represents one possible approach to realising these objectives. The mission goals of SEARCH include the detailed characterisation of a wide variety of exoplanets, ranging from terrestrial planets to gas giants. More specifically, SEARCH will determine atmospheric properties such as cloud coverage, surface pressure and atmospheric composition, and may also be capable of identifying basic surface features. To resolve a planet with a semi major axis of down to 1.4AU and 30pc distant SEARCH will have a mirror system consisting of two segments, with elliptical rim, cut out of a parabolic mirror. This will yield an effective diameter of 9 meters along one axis. A phase mask coronagraph along with an integral spectrograph will be used to overcome the contrast ratio of star to planet light. Such a mission would provide invaluable data on the diversity present in extrasolar planetary systems and much more could be learned from the similarities and differences compared to our own Solar System. This would allow our theories of planetary formation, atmospheric accretion and evolution to be tested, and our understanding of regions such as the outer limit of the Habitable Zone to be further improved.Comment: 23 pages, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronom