O papel da pesquisa na construção do pensamento científico na formação superior: relato de experiência na disciplina Estágio Supervisionado no formato iniciação científica do curso de Ciências Biológicas

O presente artigo traz uma breve ideia sobre o início da ciência e a construção do conhecimento ao longo da história. O conhecimento científico tem um importante papel entre outros tipos de conhecimento e busca, por meio de métodos, responder questões relevantes à sociedade. A educação atrelada à pesquisa científica é uma forma de se transcender a sala de aula; quando aplicada nas universidades, impulsiona o pensamento crítico e a construção de novos conhecimentos. Sendo assim, este estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, expõe as atividades desenvolvidas na disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado, formato Iniciação Científica, dos cursos de bacharelado e licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas do Centro Universitário Internacional, UNINTER, nas fases BII, CI e CII do ano de 2022 e traz relatos de estudantes monitoras, de alunas participantes da disciplina e da professora supervisora. Por fim, demonstra os desafios deste modelo de ensino-aprendizagem, apontando experiências que somam tanto no âmbito pessoal, quanto profissional. Palavras-chave: educação superior; iniciação científica; estágio supervisionado; monitoria acadêmica. Abstract This paper presents a brief idea about the beginning of science and the construction of knowledge throughout history. Scientific knowledge plays an important role among other types of knowledge and seeks, through methods, to answer relevant questions to society. Education linked to scientific research is a way to transcend the classroom; when applied in universities, it drives critical thinking and the construction of new knowledge. Thus, this descriptive-qualitative study by an experience report exposes the activities developed in a Supervised Internship of Scientific Initiation, of the Biological Sciences undergraduate and graduate courses at the International University Center, UNINTER, in phases BII, CI and CII of the year 2022, and brings reports from student monitors, students participating in the discipline and the supervising teacher. Finally, it demonstrates the challenges of this teaching-learning model, pointing out experiences that add up both personally and professionally. Keywords: higher education; scientific initiation; supervised internship; academic monitoring. Resumen Este artículo presenta una breve idea sobre los inicios de la ciencia y la construcción del conocimiento a lo largo de la historia. El conocimiento científico juega un papel importante entre otros tipos de conocimiento y busca, a través de métodos, responder preguntas relevantes para la sociedad. La educación ligada a la investigación científica es una forma de trascender el aula; cuando se aplica en las universidades, impulsa el pensamiento crítico y la construcción de nuevos conocimientos. Por lo tanto, este estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencia, expone las actividades desarrolladas en la disciplina Pasantías Supervisadas, formato Iniciación Científica, de los cursos de licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas del Centro Universitario Internacional, UNINTER, en fases BII, CI y CII del año 2022 y trae informes de alumnos monitores, de alumnos participantes de la disciplina y del profesor supervisor. Finalmente, demuestra los desafíos de este modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje, señalando experiencias que suman tanto en lo personal como en lo profesional. Palabras-clave: educación superior; iniciación científica; pasantías supervisadas; seguimiento académico

Atualizações sobre laringotraqueobronquite na infância: uma revisão bibliográfica

Laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly known as croup, is a frequent respiratory condition in children, characterized by inflammation and swelling of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. This study aims to provide an updated review of the latest advancements in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of laryngotracheobronchitis in childhood. To carry out the research, a comprehensive literature review was carried out, focusing on studies published in the last 5 years. Databases such as Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were utilized to gather relevant articles. Key areas of focus included etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. The review highlights significant advancements in the understanding of viral etiologies, with particular emphasis on the role of parainfluenza viruses. Improved diagnostic techniques, such as the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, have enhanced the accuracy of pathogen identification. Treatment protocols have evolved, with an emphasis on the use of corticosteroids and nebulized epinephrine as primary therapeutic agents. Recent studies also explore the potential of novel therapies and the impact of vaccination on disease incidence. The management of laryngotracheobronchitis in children has improved substantially due to advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with effective treatment strategies, can significantly reduce morbidity and improve outcomes. Ongoing research and the development of new therapies are essential to further enhance the care of children with this condition.A laringotraqueobronquite, comumente conhecida como crupe, é uma condição respiratória frequente em crianças, caracterizada por inflamação e inchaço da laringe, traqueia e brônquios. Este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer uma revisão atualizada dos últimos avanços na compreensão, no diagnóstico e no tratamento da laringotraqueobronquite na infância. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi realizada uma revisão abrangente da literatura, com foco em estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Bancos de dados como Scielo, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science foram utilizados para reunir artigos relevantes. As principais áreas de foco incluíram etiologia, apresentação clínica, métodos de diagnóstico e opções de tratamento. A revisão destaca avanços significativos na compreensão das etiologias virais, com ênfase especial no papel dos vírus parainfluenza. Técnicas de diagnóstico aprimoradas, como o uso de ensaios de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), aumentaram a precisão da identificação do patógeno. Os protocolos de tratamento evoluíram, com ênfase no uso de corticosteroides e epinefrina nebulizada como agentes terapêuticos primários. Estudos recentes também exploram o potencial de novas terapias e o impacto da vacinação na incidência da doença. O tratamento da laringotraqueobronquite em crianças melhorou substancialmente devido aos avanços nas abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas. O diagnóstico precoce e preciso, associado a estratégias de tratamento eficazes, pode reduzir significativamente a morbidade e melhorar os resultados. A pesquisa contínua e o desenvolvimento de novas terapias são essenciais para aprimorar ainda mais o tratamento de crianças com essa condição. &nbsp

Farmacologia clínica da doença de Parkinson: Clinical pharmacology of Parkinson's disease

As patologias neurodegenerativas cursam com depleção progressiva e irreversível dos neurônios existentes em regiões específicas do cérebro. A Doença de Parkinson (DP) é um protótipo, na qual o extravio neuronal do hipocampo e do córtex resulta em déficit de memória e disfunção cognitiva. O seguinte artigo objetivou descrever de modo narrativo as considerações clínicas da doença de Parkinson que justifiquem a ação farmacológica dos fármacos empregados em sua terapêutica. Atualmente, a intervenção farmacológica e a cirúrgica não são capazes de reverter o quadro clínico, mas evitam a progressão da morbimortalidade da DP. O tratamento é individual, baseado na reação específica, o quadro clínico, resposta farmacológica e aspectos socioeconômicos, ocupacionais e emocionais. A finalidade se baseia em perpetuar a autonomia e funcionalidade, o máximo de tempo possível. A escolha dos fármacos mais apropriados para cada paciente e o início do tratamento e o acompanhamento ao longo da evolução são etapas difíceis. Devido a cronicidade, o tratamento deve continuar por toda a vida, considerando que os fármacos e suas doses mudam com o tempo, o surgimento de efeitos adversos

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Parque da aviação: espaço de convívio social múltiplo e preservação da memória no bairro Campeche

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Arquitetura.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a elaboração de um projeto arquitetônico e urbano básico de um parque cultural e de lazer no bairro Campeche, em Florianópolis. A partir da investigação teórica e estudo das condicionantes territoriais e históricas pré existentes, elabora-se, na área de intervenção conhecida como antigo Campo de Pouso do Campeche, o projeto do Parque da Aviação. A proposta projetual, lida com a complexidade de estar localizada em um dos bairros com o maior crescimento registrado da cidade, com a grande especulação imobiliária e ser palco de importantes lutas comunitárias a favor da preservação da cultura e pelo direito ao lazer

Biogeochemical response of Emiliania huxleyi (PML 92/11) to elevated CO2 and temperature under phosphorous limitation: a chemostat study

The present study investigates the combined effect of phosphorous limitation, elevated partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and temperature on a calcifying strain of Emiliania huxleyi (PML B92/11) by means of a fully controlled continuous culture facility. Two levels of phosphorous limitation were consecutively applied by renewal of culture media (N:P=26) at dilution rates (D) of 0.3 d−1 and 0.1 d−1. CO2 and temperature conditions were 300, 550 and 900 μatm pCO2 at 14 °C and 900 μatm pCO2 at 18 °C. In general, the steady state cell density and particulate organic carbon (POC) production increased with pCO2, yielding significantly higher concentrations in cultures grown at 900 μatm pCO2 compared to 300 and 550 μatm pCO2. At 900 μatm pCO2, elevation of temperature as expected for a greenhouse ocean, further increased cell densities and POC concentrations. In contrast to POC concentration, C-quotas (pmol C cell−1) were similar at D=0.3 d−1 in all cultures. At D=0.1 d−1, a reduction of C-quotas by up to 15% was observed in the 900 μatm pCO2 at 18 °C culture. As a result of growth rate reduction, POC:PON:POP ratios deviated strongly from the Redfield ratio, primarily due to an increase in POC. Ratios of particulate inorganic and organic carbon (PIC:POC) ranged from 0.14 to 0.18 at D=0.3 d−1, and from 0.11 to 0.17 at D=0.1 d−1, with variations primarily induced by the changes in POC. At D=0.1 d−1, cell volume was reduced by up to 22% in cultures grown at 900 μatm pCO2. Our results indicate that changes in pCO2, temperature and phosphorus supply affect cell density, POC concentration and size of E. huxleyi (PML B92/11) to varying degrees, and will likely impact bloom development as well as biogeochemical cycling in a greenhouse ocean

Neuropsychological Benefits of Neuro-Exergaming for Older Adults: A Pilot Study of an Interactive Physical and Cognitive Exercise System (iPACES)

Dementia cases are on the rise and researchers seek innovative ways to prevent or ameliorate cognitive impairment in later life. Some research has reported that combining mental and physical exercise may benefit cognition more than either alone. This randomized pilot trial examined the feasibility and cognitive benefit for older adults (n = 30) of a single bout of neuro-exergaming (physical activity with cognitive training) using an interactive physical and cognitive exercise system (iPACES), compared with that of exergaming or neurogaming alone. Intent-to-treat and sensitivity analyses were conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA, controlling for age, sex, and education. A significant interaction effect was found for executive function (Color Trails 2), with a significant improvement in the neuro-exergaming condition. Results demonstrate feasibility for older adults to use a novel and theoretically-derived neuro-exergame, and also provide promising new evidence that neuro-exergaming can yield greater cognitive benefit than either of its component parts.</jats:p