Beyond the Surface: Understanding Demodex and Its Link to Blepharitis and Facial Dermatoses

Flavia Giorgiana Chioveanu,1,2 Elena Niculet,3,4 Cristina Torlac,2,5 Camelia Busila,6,7 Alin Laurentiu Tatu4,8,9 1Hexamed” Ophthalmology Clinic, Braila, Romania; 2Biomedical Doctoral School, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 3Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania; 4Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania; 5Individual Medical Office - Dentistry, Galati, Romania; 6Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Galati, Romania; 7Sf. Ioan Emergency Clinical Paediatric Hospital, Galati, Romania; 8Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University, Galaţi, Romania; 9Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galaţi, RomaniaCorrespondence: Elena Niculet, Email [email protected]: Demodex represents the most frequent ectoparasite found in humans. Although Demodex mites are considered commensals of human pilosebaceous units, an abnormally high mite density can cause several ocular and cutaneous symptoms and signs, sometimes to a severe degree. Both Demodex spp. (folliculorum and brevis) play a significant part in eye pathology and facial dermatoses. These mites have been related to blepharitis, ocular rosacea, meibomian gland dysfunction and various skin diseases, including rosacea, demodicosis and seborrheic dermatitis. Understanding the importance of Demodex in both eye and skin conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management strategies, which may involve targeted treatments to control the mite population and reduce associated symptoms.Keywords: eyelid inflammation, mite infestation, rosacea, demodicosi

The Association of Telangiectasias with Other Peripheral Vascular Lesions of Systemic Sclerosis

Carmen Bobeica,1,* Elena Niculet,2,3,* Carmina Liana Musat,2,* Lina Iancu,4 Mihaela Craescu,2,3 Andreea Mioara Luca,5 Bogdan Ioan Stefanescu,6 Emma Gheorghe,7 Mihaela Debita,8 Claudiu-Ionut Vasile,8 Gabriela Balan,8– 10 Camelia Busila,8 Alin Laurentiu Tatu3,8,11 1Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 2Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 3Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research MIC-DIR (Centrul Integrat Multidisciplinar de Cercetare de Interfata Dermatologica - CIM-CID), “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, Romania; 4Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 5Department of Plastic Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Galați, 800487, Romania; 6Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, Romania; 7Department No. 1 (Preclinical), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Ovidius” University, Constanța, 900527, Romania; 8Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galați, 800008, Romania; 9Department of Gastroenterology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galaţi, 800578, Romania; 10Research Center in the Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galaţi, 800008, Romania; 11Dermatology Department, “Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva” Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Galați, 800179, Romania*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Elena Niculet; Carmina Liana Musat, Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galați, 35 Alexandru Ioan Cuza Street, Galați, 800216, Romania, Tel +40741398895 ; +40723338438, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a relatively rare collagenosis manifested as microvasculopathy, excessive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis in a background of autoimmune alteration. Autoimmune vasculopathy in SSc occurs early and begins with endothelial cell activation followed by blood vessel intimal proliferation in a context of defective angiogenesis. The alteration of peripheral micro and macrocirculation in SSc is evident through vascular lesions, such as Raynaud’s phenomenon, telangiectasias, acrocyanosis, digital ulcers, gangrene, peripheral pulse deficiency. Our paper details the results of the study on the association between telangiectasias and other types of immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that can be identified in SSc. The presence of these peripheral vascular lesions can provide information about the magnitude of the peripheral vasculopathy.Patients and Methods: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with SSc, recruited from a university clinic in Bucharest between February 2019 and March 2020, were enrolled in an observational study. We evaluated the presence of telangiectasias, as a stigma of autoimmune microvasculopathy, and their association with other immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that may be present in SSc.Results: The presence of telangiectasias was identified in the absence, but especially in the presence of acrocyanosis and digital ulcerations, and patients with peripheral pulse deficiency almost always had telangiectasias. Less than a quarter of the patients with digital ulcers progressed unfavorably to gangrene, and only one required amputation, telangiectasias being present not only in the patient with amputation but in all patients with gangrene.Conclusion: We appreciate that telangiectasias may be the clinical expression of peripheral vasculopathy characteristic of SSc, they can often be present in association with other peripheral vascular lesions and may represent a valuable indicator for the gangrene risk of digital ulcerations in SSc.Keywords: systemic sclerosis, vascular lesions, phenomenon Raynaud’s, telangiectasias, acrocianosis, digital ulcer

Latest Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity: Research on Risk Factors, Diagnostic Methods and Therapies

Laura Bujoreanu Bezman,1,2 Carmen Tiutiuca,1,3 Geanina Totolici,1,3 Nicoleta Carneciu,1,2 Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu,4 Diana Andreea Ciortea,5,6 Elena Niculet,2,4 Ana Fulga,3,4 Anamaria Madalina Alexandru,4,7 Daniela Jicman Stan,4 Aurel Nechita5,6 1Department of Ophthalmology, “Sfantul Apostol Andrei” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galati, Romania; 2Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 3Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 4Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 5Department of Pediatrics, “Sfantul Ioan” Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Galati, Romania; 6Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, Romania; 7Department of Neonatology, “Sfantul Apostol Andrei” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galati, RomaniaCorrespondence: Carmen Tiutiuca, Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, 800008, Romania, Tel +40741330788, Email [email protected] Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu, Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, Galati, 800008, Romania, Tel +40741395844, Email [email protected]: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder with an imminent risk of blindness, in cases where early diagnosis and treatment are not performed. The doctors’ constant motivation to give these fragile beings a chance at life with optimal visual acuity has never stopped, since Terry first described this condition. Thus, throughout time, several specific advancements have been made in the management of ROP. Apart from the most known risk factors, this narrative review brings to light the latest research about new potential risk factors, such as: proteinuria, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and blood transfusions. Digital imaging has revolutionized the management of retinal pathologies, and it is more and more used in identifying and staging ROP, particularly in the disadvantaged regions by the means of telescreening. Moreover, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and automated diagnostic tools based on deep learning offer new perspectives on the ROP diagnosis. The new therapeutical trend based on the use of anti-VEGF agents is increasingly used in the treatment of ROP patients, and recent research sustains the theory according to which these agents do not interfere with the neurodevelopment of premature babies.Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, risk factors, optical coherence tomography, telescreening, artificial intelligence, anti-VEG