The linguistic structure in the “Dafatir al-Warraq” by Jalal Bargas the Notebooks of the Papermaker novel between the act of notation and the speech of thresholds

This study explores the subject of linguistic structure and text thresholds in Jalal Barjas\u27s novel Dafatir al-Warraq 2020. The novel creates a memorization that makes the narrative language based on a philosophical context of the text thresholds. This crafted a ground for inquiries that the structure of the work evoked from the painful reality we live in today. The language of the narration and its thresholds have taken a mediating role in combining the other elements. Although it was divided against itself, a division that reflects the schizophrenia of the hero and his loss of the correct path. Hence, the study aims to evaluate the language of narration in the light of taking the act of narrative writing as an approach to presenting the story. This led to narrating the novel in the form of notebooks once, and the form of threshold narration (textual threshold) again in its external and internal dimensions. This calls for revealing the regulating relationship of the multiple narrative textual thresholds employed by the novel. The study used the concepts of the narrative method to approach this problem. Among the most prominent findings of the study is that the language of narration was based on the data of what was recorded in the characters notebooks and an influential factor in the constructive narrative of the novel, especially at the level of event and time. This was accompanied by a mature dialogue between the content of the work and its multiple textual thresholds in its external and internal dimensions

The Interpretation of Historical Referencing in the Novel ‘Morisco’ by Hassan Ouriad

The historical dimension in the novel operates within a tense reference framework, characterized by continuity and expansion, dictated by the law of succession between two texts separated by the aesthetic distance required by the art of the novel. Direct engagement with this reference framework can lead to superficial judgments regarding the authenticity and artistry of the work. Narrative analysis alone does not suffice in revealing its secrets or resolving its complexities, due to the intertwining of historical references with ideological and narrative aspects. Therefore, it relies on the concepts of sequential semiotics, as established by Vladimir Krizinsky, represented through a set of mechanisms that examine the relationship between the historical and the imaginative, such as mediation, embodiment, blending, illusion, and density. This study aims to apply these concepts to Hassan Ouriad\u27s The Morisco (2011), a novel that adopts the tragedy of the Moriscos as its historical reference. The Moriscos were Muslims of Andalusia who remained after its fall in 1492, suffering under the Inquisition before being forcibly exiled to various lands. Hassan Ouriad’s novel is based on two main sources: the travelogue of Shihab al-Din Ahmed ibn Qasim al-Hajari, known as Afuqay (1569-1642) in Al-Shihab Ila Liqa\u27 al-Ahbab (1611-1613), and the historical writings of the contemporary Morisco historian Muhammad Qashtillo. The study is divided into three sections: the concept of reference, the mechanisms of historical referencing, and the laws of historical referencing

The Problem of Identity in Prince Fakhruddin\u27s Journey to Italy (1613-1618) Between the Fortification of the Pattern and the Marginalization of the Reference (Cultural Approach)

This paper draws its importance from two angles. First, it deals with a marginal Arabic text that was born in the seventeenth century. Second, its use of cultural criticism in clarifying the text\u27s components as cultural criticism is a partner of literary criticism. The traveler\u27s text is not written by a traveler, a geographer, a writer or an ambassador, but it is written by an Arab prince, Fakhr al-Din al-Ma\u27in II (1634), who made his journey to Italy between 1613 and 1618. It was a journey which he had to make to save blood and to escape the surveillance of the Ottoman Empire. During his adminstration, he founded a development project in Sidon, Beirut, Bekaa, and Tripoli. It’s a project based on urbanization, fortification of castles, development of agriculture, expansion of trade horizons with the Franks, collecting wealth and provisions, and making use of Europeans experiences. However, this did not satisfy some of the statesmen of the Ottoman Empire. He was threatened, so he had to travel to Italy for some time, and this migration prompted him to write down his most important observations that have modern, civil, and reforming dimensions. Despite his Syrian, colloquial language indicating the dominance of ignorance, his journey had some significant cultural references that cannot be represented except in cultural criticism, the least was that the Prince got to know the secrets of European civilization superiority more than a century and a half before Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt in 1798. Hence, this study uses cultural criticism to describe travel literature as a cultural event that raised some questions about identity and the “other,” overt and covert cultural patterns that are embodied in statements of rejection, slander, and coercion, on the one hand, and statements of acceptance, praise, and celebration, on the other hand. Prince Fakhruddin\u27s journey represents an early civilized encounter between the East and the West and such encounter barely existed in the pre-Arab “Nahda” literature. This journey represents the behaviors, practices, and cultural concepts dominating his own age. This leads us to do a cognitive approach in the light of the culture in question without involving into historical, political, and social contexts of the journey

The Representation of Masculinity and its Reflections in the Short Narrative Discourse of Badriya Al-Beshr

The short stories of the Saudi writer Badriya Al-Beshr focus on her constructive criticism of conventional social power that governs society. This is actually the most obvious feature of her short story collection that was published in 1993 and the other two collections, “Wednesday Evening” (1994) and “Cardamom” (2004). Social power, as Badriya Al-Beshr shows, is best demonstrated in different representations of masculinity which the researcher believes to be the key to understand intertextuality of the text and its deconstructive features. In this context, Al-Beshr faces usurpation by a counter usurpation; a usurpation through writing fiction which deprives her imaginative narrative of the usual masculine discourse. The writer has represented masculinity as a general, distorted, feature that resorts towards negative attitudes, absolute control, deprivation, disability and corruption. This extremity resulted in much complexity that is deeply rooted in the social mentality. This has deepened the ideas of absolute power and controlling discourse which are based on the concept of masculine representation as a usurpation of the other and a limiting of its presence. These ideas and the concepts they have produced have indeed generated a stable cultural pattern in the social mentality; a pattern that has developed a system of values, beliefs, visions and tendencies which are deeply rooted in the subconscious of the individual and social groups. This stable cultural pattern has specified the way the individual views himself and other social groups. This is due to the fact that representations of masculinity provide the social group with an image of itself and of the other. This, in turn, forms the collective narrative identity which represents a coherent system of pre-thinking, indications or signs and rules that are all deeply rooted in the collective mentality of the specified social group. Here comes the role of the female writer who introduces her own point of view as she deviates from the usual pattern that is so much rooted in the mentality of her society. In this respect, Al-Beshr’s short stories represent the voice of the silent subaltern that has long been controlled by masculine representations and deprived of its right to represent its feminine voice. The masculine voice has long spoken for the feminine silent voice. The female writer here is the one who introduces a genuine vision that best depicts her world and that of all women like herself. This voice faithfully represents the suffering of the silent subaltern, consequently, it has become a distinguished cultural voice that forms a counter and a rebellious discourse resisting all the other dominating contexts. This paper applies feminist criticism to discuss the previous ideas through three different dimensions. The first dimension discusses the representations of masculinity in the short stories of Badriya Al-Beshr, its symbols and the vocabulary, philosophy and visions which she uses to depict the dominating masculine discourse. The second dimension traces the general features of the counter feminine discourse that shakes the stable masculine institution, its discourse and deeply rooted images. The researcher will show to what extent this feminine discourse can form an independent active institution that competes with the masculine one and whether it would be able to replace it and speak for itself. The third dimension is a stylistic one that shall discuss the features of Al-Beshr’s narrative discourse and how persuasive it may be. In addition, the researcher focuses on the means and stylistic techniques used by the writer to face the dominating masculine discourse.

Female Inferiority, Existential Representation, and Heritage: A Feminist Reading of A Jewish Saviour by Salmah Al Moushi

Arabic feminist narratives have taken significant steps towards developing their unique narratives amidst numerous other discourses that attempt to confiscate their elements. The features constituting Arab feminist discourse have been numerous and varied, but narrative stereotypes and repeated disclosures almost dominated the general direction of Arab feminist narrative themes. Accordingly, this research paper adopts a non-stereotypical approach towards investigating the investment of feminist narratives in cultural potentials and the choices of experimentation. This paper stemmed from the following research problem: Have Arab women narratives been able, in some of their aspects, to represent cultural potentials and questions of experimentation in formulating their feminist discourse in a way that bridges the gap, both in form and content, between them and the overall Arab narrative? This study has taken A Jewish Savior (2016), a novel by the Saudi writer Salmah Al Moushi, as a model that examines the employment of heritage in framing female inferiority existentially through a non-stereotypical proposal both in form and content. This study has been surrounded by many pitfalls; hence, it seeks to evaluate the novel’s ability to overcome them in its capacity as a recently published feminist model. The novel will be analyzed from a feminist point of view with a special focus on xistential representation and ideology, olyphony and experimentation attempts, and textual transcendence and the cognitive employment of heritage.</p

Female Inferiority, Existential Representation, and Heritage: A Feminist Reading of A Jewish Saviour by Salmah Al Moushi

Arabic feminist narratives have taken significant steps towards developing their unique narratives amidst numerous other discourses that attempt to confiscate their elements. The features constituting Arab feminist discourse have been numerous and varied, but narrative stereotypes and repeated disclosures almost dominated the general direction of Arab feminist narrative themes. Accordingly, this research paper adopts a non-stereotypical approach towards investigating the investment of feminist narratives in cultural potentials and the choices of experimentation. This paper stemmed from the following research problem: Have Arab women narratives been able, in some of their aspects, to represent cultural potentials and questions of experimentation in formulating their feminist discourse in a way that bridges the gap, both in form and content, between them and the overall Arab narrative? This study has taken A Jewish Savior (2016), a novel by the Saudi writer Salmah Al Moushi, as a model that examines the employment of heritage in framing female inferiority existentially through a non-stereotypical proposal both in form and content. This study has been surrounded by many pitfalls; hence, it seeks to evaluate the novel’s ability to overcome them in its capacity as a recently published feminist model. The novel will be analyzed from a feminist point of view with a special focus on xistential representation and ideology, olyphony and experimentation attempts, and textual transcendence and the cognitive employment of heritage

IMPACT OF SOCIAL ISOLATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION – A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY

This study comes under sociolinguistics, which is concerned with the effect of environmental and natural phenomena on language behavior and shifts. Recently, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic around the globe has damaged almost all aspects of life. This study investigates the impact of this extraordinary situation on society in general, attempting to diagnose the problem and propose solutions. To this end, the researchers adopted the descriptive-analytical method to portray the serious effect of the pandemic on language and then analyze the relevant causes. It was found that, due to social isolation, the language performance weakened, language co-existence emerged with frequent terms, which grew a state of fear and hard anxiety and the academic achievement by students – especially in the basic stage of language learning – has declined.</jats:p

THE QURANIC STUDY IN AL-JAHIZ’S BOOK KITĀB AL-BAYĀN WA AL-TABYĪN AS A MODEL

Despite the numerous studies conducted on Al-Jahiẓ’s approach in studying the Noble Qur’an, his approach has never been fully apprehended. This research aims to gather the parts of his book “Al-Bayan wa Al-Tabyin” concerned with the exegesis of the Noble Qur’an or its inimitability; to give a good perception of Al-Jahiẓ’s approach. The research attempts to explore his opinions regarding the Noble Qur’an, in the mentioned book, whether they are concerned with exegesis or rhetorical inimitability, then analyzing them, while comparing them to classic and modern opinions. Al-Jahiẓ limited his study of the Noble Qur’an to exegesis and rhetorical inimitability, and often referred to works of other scholars, only embracing the opinions of those who conformed with his Mu’tazilite school, which depends on interpretation, reason and delving beyond the clear meanings of words. They set certain standards for themselves and produced an affected interpretation for the Noble Qur’an according to these standards, thus attributing other meaning to the verses than they would normally imply. As for the rhetorical inimitability, he gave special importance to the ‘the suitability of the word to the meaning’, although his study of this aspect was limited to emphasis alone.</jats:p