Preparación de una visión económica y estratégica para una ciudad

Comprender la economía de la ciudad se ha convertido en un componente vital de su administración. Esta situación ha surgido de dos procesos interrelacionados: a) La globalización. Es la integración, en un solo sistema económico que exhibe patrones cambiantes según la especialización local, de economías nacionales que anteriormente estaban separadas. Está impulsadapor los flujos de comercio y de capital. b) La descentralización. Esla tendencia de gobiernos nacionales a conferir poderes y asignar responsabilidades a niveles gubernamentales inferiores al nacional. Los administradores municipales se han visto, por consiguiente, en la necesidad de enterarse mejor acerca delas fortalezas y debilidades de su ciudad, de los peligros de los sectores que van debilitándose, y de las oportunidades de los sectores de alto crecimiento. Esto con el fin de brindar suapoyo a la estructura cambiante y minimizar el perjuicio social.

Garnet–monazite rare earth element relationships in sub-solidus metapelites: a case study from Bhutan

A key aim of modern metamorphic geochronology is to constrain precise and accurate rates and timescales of tectonic processes. One promising approach in amphibolite and granulite-facies rocks links the geochronological information recorded in zoned accessory phases such as monazite to the pressure–temperature information recorded in zoned major rock-forming minerals such as garnet. Both phases incorporate rare earth elements (REE) as they crystallize and their equilibrium partitioning behaviour potentially provides a useful way of linking time to temperature. We report REE data from sub-solidus amphibolite-facies metapelites from Bhutan, where overlapping ages, inclusion relationships and Gd/Lu ratios suggest that garnet and monazite co-crystallized. The garnet–monazite REE relationships in these samples show a steeper pattern across the heavy (H)REE than previously reported. The difference between our dataset and the previously reported data may be due to a temperature-dependence on the partition coefficients, disequilibrium in either dataset, differences in monazite chemistry or the presence or absence of a third phase that competed for the available REE during growth. We urge caution against using empirically-derived partition coefficients from natural samples as evidence for, or against, equilibrium of REE-bearing phases until monazite–garnet partitioning behaviour is better constrained

The structure of junctions between carbon nanotubes and graphene shells

Junctions between carbon nanotubes and flat or curved graphene structures are fascinating for a number of reasons. It has been suggested that such junctions could be used in nanoelectronic devices, or as the basis of three-dimensional carbon materials, with many potential applications. However, there have been few detailed experimental analyses of nanotube-graphene connections. Here we describe junctions between nanotubes and graphene shells in a material produced by passing a current through graphite. Transmission electron micrographs show that the junction angles are not random but fall close to multiples of 30°. We show that connections with these angles are the only ones which are consistent with the symmetry of the hexagonal lattice, and molecular models show that a continuous lattice requires the presence of large carbon rings at the junction. Some of the configurations we propose have not been previously considered, and could be used to construct new kinds of three-dimensional carbon architecture. We also discuss the possible formation mechanism of the junctions

Image annotation with Photocopain

Photo annotation is a resource-intensive task, yet is increasingly essential as image archives and personal photo collections grow in size. There is an inherent conflict in the process of describing and archiving personal experiences, because casual users are generally unwilling to expend large amounts of effort on creating the annotations which are required to organise their collections so that they can make best use of them. This paper describes the Photocopain system, a semi-automatic image annotation system which combines information about the context in which a photograph was captured with information from other readily available sources in order to generate outline annotations for that photograph that the user may further extend or amend

From Service to Experience: Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business

Failure adequately to define or understand hospitality as a commercial phenomenon has created a fragmented academic environment and a schizophrenia in the industry that has the potential to limit its development as a global industry. This article suggests that, by redefining hospitality as behaviour and experience, a new perspective emerges that has exciting implications for the management of hospitality businesses. A framework to describe hospitality in the commercial domain is proposed. This framework suggests a focus on the host–guest relationship, generosity, theatre and performance, ‘lots of little surprises’, and the security of strangers – a focus that provides guests with experiences that are personal, memorable and add value to their lives

Neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing for understanding sexual networks and antimicrobial resistance transmission: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is a significant global public health concern due to rising diagnoses rates and antimicrobial resistance. Molecular combined with epidemiological data have been used to understand the distribution and spread of NG, as well as relationships between cases in sexual networks, but the public health value gained from these studies is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to examine how molecular epidemiological studies have informed understanding of sexual networks and NG transmission, and subsequent public health interventions. METHODS: Five research databases were systematically searched up to 31st March 2017 for studies that used sequence-based DNA typing methods, including whole genome sequencing, and linked molecular data to patient-level epidemiological data. Data were extracted and summarised to identify common themes. RESULTS: Of the 49 studies included, 82% used NG Multi-antigen Sequence Typing. Gender and sexual orientation were commonly used to characterise sexual networks that were inferred using molecular clusters; clusters predominantly of one patient group often contained a small number of isolates from other patient groups. Suggested public health applications included using these data to target interventions at specific populations, confirm outbreaks, and inform partner management, but these were mainly untested. CONCLUSIONS: Combining molecular and epidemiological data has provided insight into sexual mixing patterns, and dissemination of NG, but few studies have applied these findings to design or evaluate public health interventions. Future studies should focus on the application of molecular epidemiology in public health practice to provide evidence for how to prevent and control NG

Channel flow and the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen: a critical review

The movement of a low-viscosity crustal layer in response to topographic loading provides a potential mechanism for (1) eastward flow of the Asian lower crust causing the peripheral growth of the Tibetan Plateau and (2) southward flow of the Indian middle crust to be extruded along the Himalayan topographic front. Thermomechanical models for channel flow link such extrusion to focused orographic precipitation at the surface. Isotopic constraints on the timing of fault movement, anatexis and thermobarometric evolution of the exhumed garnet- to sillimanite-grade metasedimentary rocks support mid-crustal channel flow during the Early to Mid-Miocene. Exhumed metamorphic assemblages suggest that the dominant mechanism of the viscosity reduction that is a requirement for channel flow was melt weakening along the upper surface, defined by the South Tibetan Detachment System, and strain softening along the base, bounded by the Main Central Thrust. Neotectonic extrusion, bounded by brittle Quaternary faults south of the Main Central Thrust, is positively correlated with the spatial distribution of precipitation across a north-south transect, suggesting climate-tectonic linkage over a million-year time scale. A proposed orogen-wide eastward increase in extrusion rate over 20 Ma reflects current precipitation patterns but climate-tectonic linkage over this time scale remains equivocal

Detection of reduced carbon in a basalt analogue for martian nakhlite : a signpost to habitat on Mars

C. W. Taylor and J. Still are thanked for skilled technical support. J. Parnell, H.G.M. Edwards, I. Hutchinson and R. Ingley acknowledge the support of the UKSA and the STFC Research Council in the UK ExoMars programme. L. V. Harris and S. McMahon acknowledge STFC studentship funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Synthesis and internal redox reactions of oximic and nitroso complexes

M(cup)n complexes have been prepared (M = Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, or Zn ; n=2, M-=Fe ; n=3 cupH = cupferron) and structures have been proposed on the basis of spectroscopic, thermal and magnetic techniques. Their behaviour towards the Lewis bases pyridine, triphenyl- phosphine and hydroxylamine has been investigated. All of the M(cup)2 complexes, except when M = Zn or Fe, affords adducts on reaction with pyridine, whereas the complex Fe(cup)3 underwent an internal redox reaction. Internal redox behaviour was also observed when the complexes Cu(cup)2 and Fe(cup)3 were treated with triphenylphosphine. On the basis of the nature of the products arising from these reactions and from a kinetic study of the reaction of Cu(cup) with the phosphine, mechanistic proposals have been made