Properties and applications of antioxidant bilayer films based on fish skin gelatin containing epigallocatechin gallate

222 p.Bilayer film was successfully prepared by lamination fish gelatin film (GF)with emulsified film (EF) or poly(lactic) acid film (PLAF) via two-steps castingtechnique and thermo-compression technique. Lamination with EF or PLAFlowered water vapour permeability of GF and increased the strength of resultingbilayer film. The incorporation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into gelatin filmenhanced the antioxidant activity of gelatin film as well as providing the interactionin gelatin film. The bilayer film based on fish gelatin containing EGCG laminatedwith EF or PLAF were applied as pouch or bag for packaging food models such aschicken skin oil (CSO) or striped catfish slice (SCS). Those bilayer films showedthe antioxidant activity by lowering the lipid oxidation of CSO or SCS duringstorage. Therefore, lamination of fish gelatin containing EGCG with emulsified filmor poly(lactic) acid film rendered the active bilayer film with the superior propertieswhich can be used as an alternative material for food packaging

Properties and applications of antioxidant bilayer films based on fish skin gelatin containing epigallocatechin gallate

222 p.Bilayer film was successfully prepared by lamination fish gelatin film (GF)with emulsified film (EF) or poly(lactic) acid film (PLAF) via two-steps castingtechnique and thermo-compression technique. Lamination with EF or PLAFlowered water vapour permeability of GF and increased the strength of resultingbilayer film. The incorporation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into gelatin filmenhanced the antioxidant activity of gelatin film as well as providing the interactionin gelatin film. The bilayer film based on fish gelatin containing EGCG laminatedwith EF or PLAF were applied as pouch or bag for packaging food models such aschicken skin oil (CSO) or striped catfish slice (SCS). Those bilayer films showedthe antioxidant activity by lowering the lipid oxidation of CSO or SCS duringstorage. Therefore, lamination of fish gelatin containing EGCG with emulsified filmor poly(lactic) acid film rendered the active bilayer film with the superior propertieswhich can be used as an alternative material for food packaging

Uninhabited aircraft design optimised for close formation air-refuelling flight

Uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) are intended for carrying out high-risk combat missions with a high degree of precision, effectiveness and efficiency and without endangering pilots’ lives. An air refuelling system for UCAVs could bring out their full potential in wartime action, by extending their range capability and increasing their airborne time. Hence, the main aim of this PhD research programme was to develop a design and optimisation methodology for an innovative concept consisting of a large uninhabited tanker and a number of UCAVs flying in a close formation, with an optimised and fully autonomous air refuelling capability. The close formation flight of this tanker and UCAVs combination provides aerodynamic benefits which together with an optimised air-to-air refuelling sequence will result in a significantly extended combat radius and capability without unnecessarily compromising the UCAVs’ physical size. With a stealth design approach, the proposed combination could fly directly to a faraway destination without any intermediate stops, hence minimizing any risk of detection, with significant fuel and time savings. To fully exploit the potential advantages the above combination, both the autonomous tanker and the UCAV concepts have been designed through specially developed and separate synthesis methodologies and each aircraft was subsequently optimised for its respective operational role. An investigation into formation flight aerodynamics has also been conducted. A method for evaluating the associated aerodynamic benefits has been developed using a modified vortex-lattice approach, to automatically locate an optimal formation position for each aircraft in flight. A further method has also been developed to optimise the air refuelling sequence of the UCAVs by utilising the design synthesis and formation flight results aiming to maximise a range objective function. The above design synthesis and optimisation methodologies have all been integrated into an automated program written in Visual Basic.NET, featuring Graphical User Interfaces for simpler, faster and repetitive implementation

Composite films based on chitosan and epigallocatechin gallate grafted chitosan: Characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities

The effect of chitosan-epigallocatechin gallate conjugate (CS-EGCG) at various ratios (10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 and 5:5, w/w) and glycerol (30 and 50%, w/w) on mechanical, barrier and optical properties of CS films and CS/CS-EGCG composite films was studied. CS films added with 30 or 50% glycerol (CS-30G or CS-50G, respectively) had high tensile strength and elongation at break. Generally, CS/CS-EGCG composite films had higher resistance to light transmission than CS films (p < 0.05). With augmenting concentrations of CS-EGCG, films with lower lightness (L*) and higher redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) were obtained. Therefore, among composite films, those with CS/CS-EGCG ratio of 8:2, containing 30 or 50% glycerol, were selected for further analyses in comparison to CS films. Composite films, regardless of glycerol levels, showed higher antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as compared to CS films (p < 0.05). Overall, CS/CS-EGCG (8:2) composite films had satisfactory physical properties with increased antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and could serve as promising packaging for food shelf-life extension

คุณสมบัติและการประยุกต์ใช้ฟิล์มสองชั้นที่มีฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันจากฟิล์มเจลาตินที่เติมสารอิพิกัลโลคาเทคินกัลเลต

Thesis (Ph.D., Food Science and Technology)--Prince of Songkla University, 202

Kinetics of drug release from the polylactic acid microcapsules prepared by a solvent partition method.

A solvent partition technique of microencapsulation, utilizing an apparatus designed to provide a continuous injection of a drug-polymer preparation into a flowing mineral oil system, has been developed via the preparation of hydrocortisone-polylactic acid microcapsules. Using this method, microcapsules of controlled particle size distribution and drug loading were prepared with good reproducibility. Dissolution studies further showed that microcapsules having the same drug loading and particle size distribution exhibited the same rate of release. The drug release profiles, obtained in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 37 C, showed a biphasic drug release pattern denoting a fast first-stage and a slow second-stage drug release. Several physicochemical parameters including the drug loading, particle size distribution, drug solubility, and solution surface tension have been shown to influence the rate of drug release from the microcapsules. These parameters are consistent with those of a theoretical equation describing the kinetics of drug diffusion through a spherical polymeric matrix. For the microcapsule system, the rate of drug release was found to increase exponentially with increasing drug loading or decreasing particle size. These effects may be attributed to changes in porosity and tortuosity of the system resulted from the changes in drug loading and particle size. The microcapsules were further shown to exhibit increased rate of drug release in dissolution media containing cetylpyridinium chloride, polysorbate 80, and aerosol OT. The results show a direct relationship between rate increase and surface tension lowering at various concentrations of the surfactants, suggesting that the surfactant effect is due to surface tension lowering at the solid-liquid interface and improved solvent penetration into the microcapsules. The effect of the cationic and nonionic surfactants on the rate of drug release was found to be similar in magnitude in the surface tension range of 40-60 dynes/cm, whereas the anionic aerosol OT exhibited a lesser effect in the same surface tension range. However, at nearly the critical micelle concentration of aerosol OT, where the solution surface tension was much lower than those of the cationic and nonionic surfactants, the microcapsules exhibited the highest rate of drug release

การพัฒนาฟิล์มอิมัลชันจากเจลาตินผสมน้ำมันปาล์มโดยกระบวนการไมโครฟลูอิดไดเซซัน

Thesis (M.Sc., (Food Science and Technology))--Prince of Songkla University, 201

Uninhabited aircraft design optimised for close formation air-refuelling flight

Uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) are intended for carrying out high-risk combat missions with a high degree of precision, effectiveness and efficiency and without endangering pilots’ lives. An air refuelling system for UCAVs could bring out their full potential in wartime action, by extending their range capability and increasing their airborne time. Hence, the main aim of this PhD research programme was to develop a design and optimisation methodology for an innovative concept consisting of a large uninhabited tanker and a number of UCAVs flying in a close formation, with an optimised and fully autonomous air refuelling capability. The close formation flight of this tanker and UCAVs combination provides aerodynamic benefits which together with an optimised air-to-air refuelling sequence will result in a significantly extended combat radius and capability without unnecessarily compromising the UCAVs’ physical size. With a stealth design approach, the proposed combination could fly directly to a faraway destination without any intermediate stops, hence minimizing any risk of detection, with significant fuel and time savings. To fully exploit the potential advantages the above combination, both the autonomous tanker and the UCAV concepts have been designed through specially developed and separate synthesis methodologies and each aircraft was subsequently optimised for its respective operational role. An investigation into formation flight aerodynamics has also been conducted. A method for evaluating the associated aerodynamic benefits has been developed using a modified vortex-lattice approach, to automatically locate an optimal formation position for each aircraft in flight. A further method has also been developed to optimise the air refuelling sequence of the UCAVs by utilising the design synthesis and formation flight results aiming to maximise a range objective function. The above design synthesis and optimisation methodologies have all been integrated into an automated program written in Visual Basic.NET, featuring Graphical User Interfaces for simpler, faster and repetitive implementation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Uninhabited aircraft design optimised for close formation air-refuelling flight

Uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) are intended for carrying out high-risk combat missions with a high degree of precision, effectiveness and efficiency and without endangering pilots’ lives. An air refuelling system for UCAVs could bring out their full potential in wartime action, by extending their range capability and increasing their airborne time. Hence, the main aim of this PhD research programme was to develop a design and optimisation methodology for an innovative concept consisting of a large uninhabited tanker and a number of UCAVs flying in a close formation, with an optimised and fully autonomous air refuelling capability. The close formation flight of this tanker and UCAVs combination provides aerodynamic benefits which together with an optimised air-to-air refuelling sequence will result in a significantly extended combat radius and capability without unnecessarily compromising the UCAVs’ physical size. With a stealth design approach, the proposed combination could fly directly to a faraway destination without any intermediate stops, hence minimizing any risk of detection, with significant fuel and time savings. To fully exploit the potential advantages the above combination, both the autonomous tanker and the UCAV concepts have been designed through specially developed and separate synthesis methodologies and each aircraft was subsequently optimised for its respective operational role. An investigation into formation flight aerodynamics has also been conducted. A method for evaluating the associated aerodynamic benefits has been developed using a modified vortex-lattice approach, to automatically locate an optimal formation position for each aircraft in flight. A further method has also been developed to optimise the air refuelling sequence of the UCAVs by utilising the design synthesis and formation flight results aiming to maximise a range objective function. The above design synthesis and optimisation methodologies have all been integrated into an automated program written in Visual Basic.NET, featuring Graphical User Interfaces for simpler, faster and repetitive implementation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Effect of Liposomal Encapsulation and Ultrasonication on Debittering of Protein Hydrolysate and Plastein from Salmon Frame

The impacts of liposomal encapsulation on the bitterness of salmon frame protein hydrolysate (SFPH) and salmon frame protein plastein (SFPP) with the aid of ultrasound (20% amplitude, 750 W) for different time intervals (30, 60 and 120 s) were investigated. Liposomes loaded with 1% protein hydrolysate (L-PH1) and 1% plastein (L-PT1) showed the highest encapsulation efficiency and the least bitterness (p &lt; 0.05). Ultrasonication for longer times reduced encapsulation efficiency (EE) and increased bitterness of both L-PH1 and L-PT1 along with a reduction in particle size. When comparing between L-PH1 and L-PT1, the latter showed less bitterness due to the lower bitterness in nature and higher entrapment of plastein in the liposomes. In vitro release studies also showed the delayed release of peptides from L-PT1 in comparison to the control plastein hydrolysate. Therefore, encapsulation of liposomes with 1% plastein could be an efficient delivery system for improving the sensory characteristics by lowering the bitterness of protein hydrolysates.</jats:p