Oxygen Tension and the VHL-Hif1α Pathway Determine Onset of Neuronal Polarization and Cerebellar Germinal Zone Exit.

Postnatal brain circuit assembly is driven by temporally regulated intrinsic and cell-extrinsic cues that organize neurogenesis, migration, and axo-dendritic specification in post-mitotic neurons. While cell polarity is an intrinsic organizer of morphogenic events, environmental cues in the germinal zone (GZ) instructing neuron polarization and their coupling during postnatal development are unclear. We report that oxygen tension, which rises at birth, and the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) pathway regulate polarization and maturation of post-mitotic cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). At early postnatal stages with low GZ vascularization, Hif1α restrains CGN-progenitor cell-cycle exit. Unexpectedly, cell-intrinsic VHL-Hif1α pathway activation also delays the timing of CGN differentiation, germinal zone exit, and migration initiation through transcriptional repression of the partitioning-defective (Pard) complex. As vascularization proceeds, these inhibitory mechanisms are downregulated, implicating increasing oxygen tension as a critical switch for neuronal polarization and cerebellar GZ exit

Drebrin-mediated microtubule-actomyosin coupling steers cerebellar granule neuron nucleokinesis and migration pathway selection

Neuronal migration from a germinal zone to a final laminar position is essential for the morphogenesis of neuronal circuits. While it is hypothesized that microtubule-actomyosin crosstalk is required for a neuron's 'two-stroke' nucleokinesis cycle, the molecular mechanisms controlling such crosstalk are not defined. By using the drebrin microtubule-actin crosslinking protein as an entry point into the cerebellar granule neuron system in combination with super-resolution microscopy, we investigate how these cytoskeletal systems interface during migration. Lattice light-sheet and structured illumination microscopy reveal a proximal leading process nanoscale architecture wherein f-actin and drebrin intervene between microtubules and the plasma membrane. Functional perturbations of drebrin demonstrate that proximal leading process microtubule-actomyosin coupling steers the direction of centrosome and somal migration, as well as the switch from tangential to radial migration. Finally, the Siah2 E3 ubiquitin ligase antagonizes drebrin function, suggesting a model for control of the microtubule-actomyosin interfaces during neuronal differentiation.</p

Basic occupational health services – “Occupational Health for All”

Occupational health is the area of medicine dedicated to the prevention and management of occupational and environmental injury, illness and disability, and the promotion of health and productivity of workers, their families and communities. Workers represent half the world’s population and the major contributors to economic and social development. Their health is determined not only by workplace hazards but also by social and individual factors and access to health service

TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF ARYL AZOPYARAZOLE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MICROBICIDAL ACTIVITIES

ABSTRACT Reaction between 4-nitro phenyl acid hydrazide with 4-[N&apos;-(1-Ethoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-propylidene)-hydrazino]-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid in ethanol furnishes 1-[4-nitro-benzoyl]-3-methyl-4-(4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phen-4-ylhydrazono)-2-pyrazoline-5-ones (NtH-ASA). The transition metal complexes of Cu 2+ , Co 2+ ,Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ and Zn 2+ of NtH-ASA have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral studies, magnetic moment determination, molar conductivity measurement and microbicidal activity

Nurturing the young, building skilled based future

The manpower provides best parameter for any social community. Added to that if its young and intellectual the community will have added benefit. Using this manpower effectively and efficiently create better society for the future generations. India has the above qualities. Nurturing this talent from younger age and providing the correct atmosphere not only improve the communications skills, empathetic skill-oriented youth but also it gives opportunity for great leadership qualities. This article gives the standards in health care field with the help of mandatory volunteers’ ship program, in the society and hospitals.&nbsp