Electrophysiological characterization of locomotor-related inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord

課題番号：2050036

グリシン及びGABAによって誘発されるラット胎児脊髄運動ニューロン群の自発性発射活動

Offprint. Originally published in: Journal of physiology, v. 497, no. 1, pp. 131-143, 1996Includes supplementary treatiseThesis (Ph. D. in Medical Sciences)--University of Tsukuba, (A), no. 1940, 1998.3.2

Population coding of facial information in the monkey superior colliculus and pulvinar

The superior colliculus (SC) and pulvinar are thought to function as a subcortical visual pathway that bypasses the striate cortex and detects fundamental facial information. We previously investigated neuronal responses in the SC and pulvinar of monkeys during a delayed nonmatching-to-sample task, in which the monkeys were required to discriminate among 35 facial photos of five models and other categories of visual stimuli, and reported that population coding by multiple SC and pulvinar neurons well discriminated facial photos from other categories of stimuli (Nguyen et al., 2013, 2014). However, it remains unknown whether population coding could represent multiple types of facial information including facial identity, gender, facial orientation, and gaze direction. In the present study, to investigate population coding of multiple types of facial information by the SC and pulvinar neurons, we reanalyzed the same neuronal responses in the SC and pulvinar; the responses of 112 neurons in the SC and 68 neurons in the pulvinar in serial 50-ms epochs after stimulus onset were reanalyzed with multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results indicated that population coding by neurons in both the SC and pulvinar classified some aspects of facial information, such as face orientation, gender, and identity, of the facial photos in the second epoch (50–100 ms after stimulus onset). The Euclidean distances between all the pairs of stimuli in the MDS spaces in the SC were significantly correlated with those in the pulvinar, which suggested that the SC and pulvinar function as a unit. However, in contrast with the known population coding of face neurons in the temporal cortex, the facial information coding in the SC and pulvinar was coarse and insufficient. In these subcortical areas, identity discrimination was face orientation-dependent and the left and right profiles were not discriminated. Furthermore, gaze direction information was not extracted in the SC and pulvinar. These results suggest that the SC and pulvinar, which comprise the subcortical visual pathway, send coarse and rapid information on faces to the cortical system in a bottom-up process

Snakes elicit earlier, and monkey faces, later, gamma oscillations in macaque pulvinar neurons

Gamma oscillations (30–80 Hz) have been suggested to be involved in feedforward visual information processing, and might play an important role in detecting snakes as predators of primates. In the present study, we analyzed gamma oscillations of pulvinar neurons in the monkeys during a delayed non-matching to sample task, in which monkeys were required to discriminate 4 categories of visual stimuli (snakes, monkey faces, monkey hands and simple geometrical patterns). Gamma oscillations of pulvinar neuronal activity were analyzed in three phases around the stimulus onset (Pre-stimulus: 500 ms before stimulus onset; Early: 0–200 ms after stimulus onset; and Late: 300–500 ms after stimulus onset). The results showed significant increases in mean strength of gamma oscillations in the Early phase for snakes and the Late phase for monkey faces, but no significant differences in ratios and frequencies of gamma oscillations among the 3 phases. The different periods of stronger gamma oscillations provide neurophysiological evidence that is consistent with other studies indicating that primates can detect snakes very rapidly and also cue in to faces for information. Our results are suggestive of different roles of gamma oscillations in the pulvinar: feedforward processing for images of snakes and cortico-pulvinar-cortical integration for images of faces

かつおだし摂取のマウスの情動行動及び脳内パルブアルブミン陽性ニューロンに及ぼす影響

富山大学・富生命博甲第88号・Jargalsaikhan Undarmaa・2017/03/23Nutritional Neuroscience,Published online:21 Jul 2016,1-16,doi:10.1080/1028415X.2016.1208429に掲載富山大学201

Involvement of the extrageniculate subcortical visual pathway in innate recognition in primates

Vertebrates, including primates, can recognize or respond to specific stimuli that are important for　survival, such as specific visual objects (natural enemies, prey animals, foods, etc.), sounds (e.g., animal　barks), and odors or pheromones, even if they have never previously experienced those stimuli. That　is, those stimuli can be recognized immediately after birth without learning (innate recognition), and　the neural circuits involved in the detection of these stimuli are supposed to be genetically coded for　innate recognition. In primates, the extrageniculate subcortical visual pathway (extrageniculate visual　system), consisting of the retina, superior colliculus, pulvinar in the thalamus and amygdala (or association　area, etc.), has been suggested to be involved in innate recognition of these stimuli. To investigate　neural mechanisms of innate recognition in primates, we have analyzed single neuronal responses to　these stimuli in the monkey pulvinar and superior colliculus. The results indicated that pulvinar and　collicular neurons responded preferentially to facial patterns and snakes, detection of which is crucial　for survival in primates. The response characteristics of these neurons suggest that the extrageniculate　visual system is involved in processing visual information of faces and snakes at low resolution for　rapid detection. These findings suggest that primate evolution might shape the extrageniculate visual　system for innate and automatic (unconscious) detection of these stimuli to survive in the natural environmentArticleToyama medical journal, 32(1), 2022.03.31, Page 1-14departmental bulletin pape

ヒンシツガセイギョサレタタセイブンケッショウヲセイゾウスルタメノヨウエキショウセキソウサホウノテイアン

博士（工学）東京農工大

BYTE magazine: counterculture, neoliberalism and personal computers

A revista BYTE: the small systems journal foi um importante periódico na divulgação dos computadores pessoais no período de 1975 a 1998. No primeiro ano de sua publicação, apresenta ao leitor os computadores montados em kits e técnicas para desenvolver máquinas para o uso individual. Nesta pesquisa de monografia são analisadas a linha editorial, as publicações e concepções da revista BYTE, que auxiliaram o desenvolvimento do computador pessoal em meados da década de 1970. O objetivo principal desta análise é verificar os discursos acerca dos computadores nestes primeiros anos da computação pessoal. Procura-se averiguar esse recente deslocamento através da breve história dos computadores, as peculiaridades dos grupos de computadores, os mecanismos de propagação das informações entre a revista e os leitores e, por fim, identificar as principais relações com outros dois temas adjacentes que projetaram este desenvolvimento: a contracultura e, de modo mais subjetivo, o neoliberalismo

Coupling of c-Src to large conductance voltage-and Ca2+-activated K+ channels as a new mechanism of agonist-induced vasoconstriction

The voltage-dependent and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (MaxiK, BK) and the cellular proto-oncogene pp60(c-Src) (c-Src) are abundant proteins in vascular smooth muscle. The role of MaxiK channels as a vasorelaxing force is well established, but their role in vasoconstriction is unclear. Because Src participates in regulating vasoconstriction, we investigated whether c-Src inhibits MaxiK as a mechanism for agonist-induced vasoconstriction. Functional experiments in human and rat show that inhibitors of Src (Lavendustin A, PP2) but not inactive compounds (Lavendustin B, PP3) induce a pronounced relaxation of coronary or aortic smooth muscle precontracted with 5-hydroxytriptamine, phenylephrine, or Angiotensin II. Iberiotoxin, a MaxiK blocker, antagonizes the relaxation induced by Lavendustin A or PP2, indicating that c-Src inhibits the Iberiotoxin-sensitive component, likely MaxiK channels. In agreement, coronary muscle MaxiK currents were enhanced by Lavendustin A. To investigate the molecular mechanism of c-Src action on MaxiK channels, we transiently expressed its alpha subunit, hSlo, with or without c-Src in HEK293T cells. The voltage sensitivity of hSlo was right-shifted by approximately 16 mV. hSlo inhibition by c-Src is due to channel direct phosphorylation because: (i) excised patches exposed to protein tyrosine phosphatase (CD45) resulted in a partial reversal of the inhibitory effect by approximately 10 mV, and (ii) immunoprecipitated hSlo channels were recognized by an anti-phosphotyrosine Ab. Furthermore, coexpression of hSlo and c-Src demonstrate a striking colocalization in HEK293T cells. We propose that MaxiK channels via direct c-Src-dependent phosphorylation play a significant role supporting vasoconstriction after activation of G protein-coupled receptors by vasoactive substances and neurotransmitters

マルチディテクタCTにおける小児体幹部画像のノイズ低減アルゴリズムの開発

取得学位 : 博士（保健学）, 学位授与番号 : 医博甲第2107号 , 学位授与年月日 : 平成22年3月23日, 学位授与大学 : 金沢大学, 審査結果の報告日 : 平成22年2月17