Potential of Renewable Electricity from Biomass Waste of IIT Roorkee Campus, India

Abstract: Electricity production using conventional energy sources is associated with serious environmental problems like emission of pollutants, global warming and social problems. The world’s CO2 emissions are projected to rise from 29.0 billion MT in 2006 to 33.1 billion MT in 2015 and 40.4 billion MT in 2030. This increase in emissions indicates more global warming. The Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been supporting programs for the development of renewable energy sources which are not only unlimited but environmentally friendly — like biomass, solar, small hydro, wind, etc. If biomass is used sustainably, there is no net carbon emission over the time of a cycle of biomass production.Waste management is an important issue today. To handle the ever growing problem of waste, residents and companies are constantly looking for the best and least expensive methods. Types of waste generated by the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR) include kitchen waste, municipal solid waste, sewage waste, and waste cooking oil. By utilizing biodegradable waste out of total waste clean energy can be generated and waste disposal problems solved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v9i0.7071 Hydro Nepal Vol.9 July 2011 38-43</jats:p

Swirling Capillary Instability of Rivlin–Ericksen Liquid with Heat Transfer and Axial Electric Field

The mutual influences of the electric field, rotation, and heat transmission find applications in controlled drug delivery systems, precise microfluidic manipulation, and advanced materials’ processing techniques due to their ability to tailor fluid behavior and surface morphology with enhanced precision and efficiency. Capillary instability has widespread relevance in various natural and industrial processes, ranging from the breakup of liquid jets and the formation of droplets in inkjet printing to the dynamics of thin liquid films and the behavior of liquid bridges in microgravity environments. This study examines the swirling impact on the instability arising from the capillary effects at the boundary of Rivlin–Ericksen and viscous liquids, influenced by an axial electric field, heat, and mass transmission. Capillary instability arises when the cohesive forces at the interface between two fluids are disrupted by perturbations, leading to the formation of characteristic patterns such as waves or droplets. The influence of gravity and fluid flow velocity is disregarded in the context of capillary instability analyses. The annular region is formed by two cylinders: one containing a viscous fluid and the other a Rivlin–Ericksen viscoelastic fluid. The Rivlin–Ericksen model is pivotal for comprehending the characteristics of viscoelastic fluids, widely utilized in industrial and biological contexts. It precisely characterizes their rheological complexities, encompassing elasticity and viscosity, critical for forecasting flow dynamics in polymer processing, food production, and drug delivery. Moreover, its applications extend to biomedical engineering, offering insights crucial for medical device design and understanding biological phenomena like blood flow. The inside cylinder remains stationary, and the outside cylinder rotates at a steady pace. A numerically analyzed quadratic growth rate is obtained from perturbed equations using potential flow theory and the Rivlin–Ericksen fluid model. The findings demonstrate enhanced stability due to the heat and mass transfer and increased stability from swirling. Notably, the heat transfer stabilizes the interface, while the density ratio and centrifuge number also impact stability. An axial electric field exhibits a dual effect, with certain permittivity and conductivity ratios causing perturbation growth decay or expansion