Cephalometric determinants of successful functional appliance therapy

This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the presence of any features on a pretreatment lateral cephalogram that may be used to predict the success of improvement in the sagittal dental base relationship during functional appliance therapy in patients with a Class II skeletal pattern. Seventy-two patients judged to have been successfully treated with a functional appliance were selected for the study. Pre- and posttreatment radiographs were analyzed and the change in the ANB angle was used to determine the skeletal response to treatment. Within the total sample size of 72 patients, two groups were selected. One group of 13 patients who demonstrated a reduction in ANB angle of 3.0° or more were identified as the skeletal group. A second group of 15 patients who demonstrated a change in ANB angle equal to or less than 0.5° were identified as the nonskeletal group. Statistical analysis of these two groups revealed the presence of skeletal and dentoalveolar differences on the pretreatment lateral cephalogram. In the skeletal group, which responded with a favorable skeletal change, the mandible was smaller both in length (P < .01) and ramus height (P < .05) and the anterior and posterior lower face heights were smaller (P < .05). The cranial base was also smaller when compared with the respective lengths in the nonskeletal group

Transcriptome sequencing of Mycosphaerella fijiensis during association with Musa acuminata reveals candidate pathogenicity genes

Figure S4. Phylogenetic tree of fusicoccadiene synthase protein sequences. A maximum likelihood tree was created of the M. fijiensis fusicoccadiene synthase sequence and its top 50 hits using blastp with the non-redundant protein sequence database on NCBI. Bootstrap values are indicated on the tree, and the scale bar of branch lengths indicate substitutions per site. A description of each blast hit is shown, along with an abbreviation for species. Ab = Alternaria brassicicola; Ac = Acremonium chrysogenum; Af = Aspergillus flavus; Ak = Aspergillus kawachii; An = Aspergillus niger; Ao = Aspergillus oryzae; Ar = Aspergillus ruber; Bm = Bipolaris maydis; Bo = Bipolaris oryzae; Bp = Baudoinia panamericana; Bs = Bipolaris sorokiniana; Bv = Bipolaris victoriae; Bz = Bipolaris zeicola; Cg = Chaetomium globosum; Ci = Coccidioides immitis; Cp = Coccidioides posadasii; Da = Diaporthe amygdali; Fg = Fusarium graminearum; Fp = Fusarium pseudograminearum; Gl = Gymnopus luxurians; Mo = Magnaporthe oryzae; Mp = Macrophomina phaseolina; Nf = Neosartorya fischeri; Nu = Neosartorya udagawae; Om = Oidiodendron maius; Pp = Pseudogymnoascus pannorum; Ptt = Pyrenophora teres f. teres; Tc = Talaromyces cellulolyticus; Ti = Talaromyces islandicus; Tm = Talaromyces marneffei; To = Tolypocladium ophioglossoides; Ts = Talaromyces stipitatus; Tt = Thielavia terrestris. (TIF 303 kb

Failure of eruption of permanent molars: a diagnostic dilemma

Background: Limited studies have proposed protocols for the management of failure of eruption (FOE) of permanent molars with no clear consensus or guidelines. Accurate diagnosis is challenging but key for successful management. Aims: Confirm key diagnostic criteria that will aid diagnostic differentiation between primary failure of eruption (PFE) and mechanical failure of eruption (MFE) of permanent molars and identify successful management strategies. Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Patients diagnosed with FOE of permanent molars (excluding impaction) between January 2003 and December 2013 were identified. Patient details and clinical and radiological features of FOE were recorded. Two examiners analysed the data. A diagnosis of PFE or MFE was made based on a combination of current protocols. Management strategies for each were identified and reported as satisfactory/unsatisfactory. Results: Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen were classified as PFE and 14 as MFE. One patient was too young to confirm diagnosis, and one patient had delayed eruption. A total of 26% of cases were misdiagnosed which led to unsuccessful orthodontic management. Conclusion: We propose a protocol based on the results of this study coupled with existing protocols in the form of a simple flow diagram to aid accurate diagnosis and management of this rare and challenging clinical problem

Kondisi Eksisting Fauna Megabenthos di Perairan Labuhan Pandan Lombok Timur Pasca Gempa Bumi Lombok 7.0 Skala Richter

Gangguan eksternal pada ekosistem terumbu karang dapat terjadi secara alami ataupun karena aktifitas manusia yang menimbulkan Perubahan fisik maupun ekologis. Perubahan ekologis dapat terlihat dari Perubahan komposisi biota yang berasosiasi di dalamnya. Salah satu kelompok biota yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang adalah megabenthos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untk mengetahui kondisi eksisting fauna megabenthos pada ekosistem terumbu karang di perairan Labuhan Pandan Lombok Timur. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 5 stasiun yaitu Gili Bidara (BDR_01), Gili Kondo (KND_01), Gili Petagan 1 (PTG_01), Gili Petagan 2 (PTG_02), dan Gili Petagan 3 (PTG_03). Pengambilan data megabenthos dilakukan dengan metode Benthos Belt Transect (BBT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 15 jenis megabenthos yang termasuk dalam 5 Phylum (Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata, Annelida, dan Platyhelminthes). Jumlah jenis tertinggi ditemukan pada phylum Echinodermata (10 jenis), kemudian diikuti oleh Mollusca (2 jenis), Chordata (1 jenis), Annelida (1 jenis), dan Platyhelminthes (1 jenis). Kepadatan megabenthos tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun BDR_01 (10.571 ind/Ha), kemudian diikuti oleh stasiun KND_01 (10.214 ind/Ha), PTG_02 (9.857 ind/Ha), PTG_03 (8.429 ind/Ha) dan PTG_01 (1.714 ind/Ha). Keanekaragaman jenis tertingi ditemukan pada stasiun PTG_01 (H\u27=1,14), kemudian diikuti oleh BDR_01 (H\u27=0,76), KND_01 (H\u27=0,69), PTG_03 (H\u27=0,17) dan PTG_02 (H\u27=0,09). Hasil perhitungan indeks dominansi menunjukkan bahwa Didemnum molle (phylum Chordata) ditemukan dominan pada seluruh stasiun pengamatan. Ditemukan juga jenis megabenthos pemangsa hewan karang yaitu Acanthaster planci pada stasiun PTG_03 serta Drupella sp. pada stasiun BDR_01, KND_01 dan PTG_02. Beberapa jenis megabenthos yang ditemukan dapat dijadikan bioindikator dalam pemantauan kesehatan ekosistem terumbu karang di Perairan Labuhan Pandan, Lombok Timur

Increasing condom use in heterosexual men: development of a theory-based interactive digital intervention

Increasing condom use to prevent sexually transmitted infections is a key public health goal. Interventions are more likely to be effective if they are theory- and evidence-based. The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) provides a framework for intervention development. To provide an example of how the BCW was used to develop an intervention to increase condom use in heterosexual men (the MenSS website), the steps of the BCW intervention development process were followed, incorporating evidence from the research literature and views of experts and the target population. Capability (e.g. knowledge) and motivation (e.g. beliefs about pleasure) were identified as important targets of the intervention. We devised ways to address each intervention target, including selecting interactive features and behaviour change techniques. The BCW provides a useful framework for integrating sources of evidence to inform intervention content and deciding which influences on behaviour to target

Slip Effect on Stagnation Point Flow past a Stretching Surface with the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption and Newtonian Heating

Present study solved numerically the velocity slip effect on stagnation point flow past a stretching surface with the presence of heat generation/absorption and Newtonian heating. The governing equations which in the form of partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations before being solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method in MAPLE. The numerical solution is obtained for the surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, reduced skin friction coefficient as well as the temperature and velocity profiles. The flow features and the heat transfer characteristic for the pertinent parameter such as Prandtl number, stretching parameter, heat generation/absorption parameter, velocity slip parameter and conjugate parameter are analyzed and discussed

The views of general practitioners and practice nurses towards the barriers and facilitators of proactive, internet-based chlamydia screening for reaching young heterosexual men

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI), which disproportionately affects young people under 25 years. Commonly, more women are offered screening than men. This study obtained the views of general practitioners and practice nurses towards Internet-based screening and assessed levels of support for the development of proactive screening targeting young heterosexual men via the Internet. Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews with 10 general practitioners and 8 practice nurses, across Central Scotland. Topics covered: experience of screening heterosexual men for chlamydia, views on the use of the Internet as a way to reach young men for chlamydia screening, beliefs about the potential barriers and facilitators to Internet-based screening. Transcripts from audio recordings were analysed with Framework Analysis, using QSR NVivo10. Results: Experiences of chlamydia screening were almost exclusively with women, driven by the nature of consultations and ease of raising sexual health issues with female patients; few practice nurses reported seeing men during consultations. All participants spoke in favour of Internet-based screening for young men. Participants reported ease of access and convenience as potential facilitators of an Internet-based approach but anonymity and confidentiality could be potential barriers and facilitators to the success of an Internet approach to screening. Concerns over practical issues as well as those pertaining to gender and socio-cultural issues were raised. Conclusions: Awareness of key barriers and facilitators, such as confidentiality, practicality and socio-cultural influences, will inform the development of an Internet-based approach to screening. However, this approach may have its limits in terms of being able to tackle wider social and cultural barriers, along with shifts in young people's and health professionals' attitudes towards screening. Nevertheless, employing innovative efforts as part of a multi-faceted approach is required to ensure effective interventions reach the policy agenda

Mathematical Formulae

Mathematical Formulae intends to provide students, scientists, engineers, and researchers with a readily available reference to the mathematical formulae needed during their studies or work situation. It is a handy book that one must have on the bookshelf. The text is divided, for ease of reference, into ten main chapters embracing algebra, trigonometry, limit, differentiation and integration, vector calculus, coordinate geometry, differential equations, numerical methods, discrete mathematics, and financial mathematics. Essential theory, formulae, definitions and laws are clearly stated in this boo

Heritage language learners in the foreign language classroom

Heritage language learners are a heterogenous group themselves, and prevalent contrasts exist between them and foreign language learners. This presents challenges for the amalgamation of heritage language learners and foreign language learners within a single language classroom. Reviewing relevant literature, this paper discusses the differences between heritage language learners and foreign language learners, and how these can be accounted for by educators. It argues that, without specific, individualised differentiation, the foreign language classroom is inappropriate for the heritage language learner due to its inability to sufficiently account for their heterogeneity, diverse backgrounds and unique motivations for language learning. The difficulty defining heritage language learners is covered first, followed by their heterogeneity and differences they exhibit with foreign language learners. The relevant literature is then tied into implications for the language classroom and a discussion of how heritage language learners may be best included within these contexts