Urban Utopias and Suburban Slums: A Demographic Analysis of Suburban Poverty and Reurbanization in American Metropolitan Statistical Areas

This study examines 2000 and 2010 Census data to determine the resettlement patterns of urban and suburban residents in 23 American metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Previous research discusses the development of an affluent suburbia, leaving postindustrial cities in decline. However, recent literature suggests the reurbanization of postindustrial cities by the creative class, a Return to the City movement fueled by middle class entrepreneurs, artists, and technocrats. Alongside reurbanization are increases in poverty, and racial and ethnic enclaves in suburbia. The literature shows these trends as two separate, independent processes. This study investigates the relationship between these processes within MSAs. Consistent with existing literature, this study finds that from 2000 to 2010, there are increases in poverty and racial and ethnic diversity in the suburbs, and increases in middle and upper class white populations within central cities. This study reveals quantitative data concerning the future of American urban and suburban demography

WHY PHUBBING IS TOXIC FOR YOUR RELATIONSHIP: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF SMARTPHONE JEALOUSY AMONG “GENERATION Y” USERS

Coined as “phubbing”, excessive use of smartphones in the romantic context has been shown to rep-resent a barrier to meaningful communication, causing conflict, lowering relationship satisfaction, and undermining individual well-being. While these findings project a dire picture of the future of romance, the mechanisms behind the detrimental influence of partner phubbing on relationship-relevant markers are still little understood. Considering prior evidence that partner phubbing leads to the loss of exclusive attention towards the other party, we argue that these are rather the feelings of jealousy partner phubbing is triggering that are responsible for the negative relational outcomes. Based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative responses from “generation Y” users, we find that partner phubbing is associated with heightened feelings of jealousy, which is inversely related to couple’s relational cohesion. Moreover, jealousy plays a mediating role in the relationship between partner’s smartphone use and relational cohesion, acting as a mechanism behind this undesirable link. Challenging the frequently promoted euphoria with regard to permanent “connectedness”, our study contributes to a growing body of IS research that addresses dark sides of information technolo-gy use and provides corresponding implications for IS practitioners

Quantify invasion levels by alien plant species in La Reunion Island

The largest area of intact vegetation in the Mascarene Archipelago is found on La Reunion Island. In 2007, a national park has been established where most protected habitats and rare species are targeted by some conservation actions. Invasions by exotic plants are the main threat to the biodiversity within this park and several management programs aim at controlling the main invasive alien plant species. For decades, inventories of alien species have been carrying out at La Reunion, constituting a large amount of data but these data never been synthetized, assembled and exploited to assess the level of invasion. Here, data from different organizations were combined to quantify the overall level of invasion by exotic plants island-wide. These data were extrapolated to grid cells of 250 x 250 m and categorized into four invasion categories ranging from intact to heavily invaded areas. Here, we present the spatial pattern of invasion on La Reunion Island. Only 12% of the island remain intact while 60%is moderately to heavily invaded. Inside the national park, more than 55% is lightly invaded or intact. We then discuss the invasion rate according to several factors: altitude, habitats, geomorphology, land cover and the presence of pathways or streams

Improving effectiveness of alien plant clearing on Reunion Island through partnership

Biological invasions threaten biodiversity worldwide, especially on tropical islands such as Reunion Island. Here we present the results of a collaborative effort to map biodiversity priorities and to prioritise alien plant clearing. We first combined all existing data on habitats, threatened and endemic species and the distribution of alien plant species. Using expert-knowledge where necessary, we provide the first map of invasion level for the whole island. We developed a decision-making process using Zonation, a conservation-planning tool, to identify biodiversity conservation priorities. Conservation priority areas were selected to maximise biodiversity levels in areas lightly invaded. We then included criteria to identify priority areas for alien plant clearing based on clearing costs, accessibility and history of previous clearing programmes. Almost 40% of the remaining natural habitats on Reunion Island are moderately to heavily invaded. We identify 58,500 ha as conservation priority areas of which 30%are considered to be not invaded at all. We discuss how this will impact future alien plant clearing programmes and propose the basis for an integrated clearing and restoration plan for Reunion Island

Grandchild Care and Well-Being: Gender Differences in Mental Health Effects of Caregiving Grandparents

Abstract Objectives The literature on the gendered differences of mental health as a result of grandchild care has shown mixed results. Research on grandchild care further suggests that nonresidential grandchild care improves mental health outcomes, while residential grandchild care arrangements decrease mental health outcomes in grandparents. The moderating or buffering role of social engagement remains understudied in the grandchild care–mental health relationship. This study examines mental health effect differences between caregiving grandmothers and grandfathers and the moderating effects of social engagement. Methods Using 2002–2012 data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults aged 50 and older, I examine the mental health effects of grandchild care and the moderating effect of social engagement in fixed effects models. Results Grandfathers experience particularly worsened mental health outcomes when providing grandchild care in a skipped-generation household. Both grandmothers and grandfathers experience mental health improvements from increased social engagement. Social engagement, particularly for grandmothers, serves as a buffer or produces role enhancement for grandmothers in skipped-generation care arrangements. Discussion Nonresidential and residential grandchild care affects mental health outcomes differently for grandmothers and grandfathers. However, social engagement consistently serves as a buffer or mental health improvement for all grandparents. Findings further encourage the continued study of social engagement and gender differences in older adults more broadly. </jats:sec

Evaluation expérimentale de la Protoporphyrine IX (PpIX) induite par l'hexylester d'acide 5-aminolévulinique(hALA), et de l'hypéricine pour le traitement photodynamique de tumeurs de vessie

NANCY1-SCD Medecine (545472101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Residential Segregation under Jim Crow: Whites, Blacks, and Mulattoes in Southern Cities, 1880–1920

We study the residential patterns of blacks and mulattoes in 10 Southern cities in 1880 and 1920. Researchers have documented the salience of social differences among African Americans in this period, partly related to mulattoes’ higher occupational status. Did these differences result in clustering of these two groups in different neighborhoods, and were mulattoes less separated from whites? If so, did the differences diminish in these decades after Reconstruction due a Jim Crow system that did not distinguish between blacks and mulattoes? We use geocoded census microdata for 1880 and 1920 to address these questions. Segregation between whites and both blacks and mulattoes was already high in 1880, especially at a fine spatial scale, and it increased sharply by 1920. In this respect, whites did not distinguish between these two groups. However, blacks and mulattoes were quite segregated from one another in 1880, and even more so by 1920. This pattern did not result from mulattoes’ moderately higher-class position. Hence, as the color line between whites and all non-whites was becoming harder, blacks and mulattoes were separating further from each other. Understanding what led to this pattern remains a key question about racial identities and racialization in the early twentieth century. </jats:p

Artisanat de l’os. Collections monégasques antiques du Musée d’Anthropologie préhistorique

International audienc

Knowledge Antecedents of Absorptive Capacity: A Meta-Analysis

A firm’s absorptive capacity -its ability to recognize, assimilate, and exploit knowledge- has been viewed as one of the most investigated constructs in organizational research over the last two decades. Knowledge as a focal antecedent of absorptive capacity has been studied extensively. However, the results represent fundamentally different aspects of knowledge which has led to a fragmentation of the literature. Thus, it remains unclear which dimensions of knowledge are relevant for the development of absorptive capacity. By applying meta-analytical methods in 156 samples representing 284,144 firms, we examine the links between different knowledge antecedents and absorptive capacity, considering knowledge forms (knowledge assets and routines and processes), knowledge characteristics (quantity and quality) as well as knowledge contexts (firm internal and inter-firm). While our findings display significant positive impact of different knowledge antecedents on absorptive capacity, these relationships vary in strength. Our findings confirm the relevance of knowledge routines and processes and firm internal quality of knowledge for the development of absorptive capacity. Interestingly, the quantity of knowledge a firm possesses appears to be less important. Our results furthermore suggest knowledge antecedents to be more relevant in the firm internal context. This challenges the general assumption in the absorptive capacity literature, which emphasizes the importance of inter-firm cooperation for the development of absorptive capacity. In our post-hoc test, we extend our conceptual model and assess absorptive capacity’s mediating role between knowledge antecedents and innovation. We provide a fine-grained, integrated framework on absorptive capacity’s knowledge antecedents, highlighting their differential importance for absorptive capacity