Alveolar Hemorrhage in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: Results of an International Randomized Controlled Trial (PEXIVAS)

Rationale: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening manifestation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV). The PEXIVAS (Plasma Exchange and Glucocorticoids in Severe Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis) (NCT00987389) trial was the largest in AAV and the first to enroll participants with DAH requiring mechanical ventilation. Objectives: Evaluate characteristics, treatment effects, and outcomes for patients with AAV with and without DAH. Methods: PEXIVAS randomized 704 participants to plasma exchange (PLEX) or no-PLEX and reduced or standard-dose glucocorticoids (GC). DAH status was defined at enrollment as no-DAH, nonsevere, or severe (room air oxygen saturation of ⩽ 85% as measured by pulse oximetry, or use of mechanical ventilation). Measurements and Main Results: At enrollment, 191 (27.1%) participants had DAH (61 severe, including 29 ventilated) and were younger, more frequently relapsing, PR3 (proteinase 3)-ANCA positive, and had lower serum creatinine but were more frequently dialyzed than participants without DAH (n = 513; 72.9%). Among those with DAH, 8/95 (8.4%) receiving PLEX died within 1 year versus 15/96 (15.6%) with no-PLEX (hazard ratio, 0.52; confidence interval [CI], 0.21–1.24), whereas 13/96 (13.5%) receiving reduced GC died versus 10/95 (10.5%) with standard GC (hazard ratio, 1.33; CI, 0.57–3.13). When ventilated, ventilator-free days were similar with PLEX versus no-PLEX (medians, 25; interquartile range [IQR], 22–26 vs. 22–27) and fewer with reduced GC (median, 23; IQR, 20–25) versus standard GC (median, 26; IQR, 25–28). Treatment effects on mortality did not vary by presence or severity of DAH. Overall, 23/191 (12.0%) with DAH died within 1 year versus 34/513 (6.6%) without DAH. End-stage kidney disease and serious infections did not differ by DAH status or treatments. Conclusions: Patients with AAV and DAH differ from those without DAH in multiple ways. Further data are required to confirm or refute a benefit of PLEX or GC dosing on mortality.publishedVersio

Retraction: First viral replication of Covid-19 identified in the peritoneal dialysis fluid

Note editor : retraction of case report https://doi.org/10.25796/bdd.v3i1.54503 Dear Editor-in-chief, By this letter we would like to retract our case report entitled « First viral replication of Covid-19 identified in the peritoneal dialysis fluid of a symptomatic patient» that we submitted to your journal one week ago. We indeed wanted to inform the renal community of a potential presence of Covid-19 virus in the peritoneal dialysis fluid in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis treatment. However, the patient general status impaired and he was transferred to an intensive care unit for acute myocardial insufficiency. During this stay, he was re-checked for a number of other organs alterations. A total of 7 RT-PCR SARS-Cov2 tests , validated by the National Reference Center, were done : 2 by nasopharyngeal swabs, 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage, 3 peritoneal dialysate and one in stool. A serological test was also performed. All tests were found negative. The CT scan was analyzed again by a specialized radiologist and although a COVID-19 pulmonary disease was likely, it was not possible to rule out a pulmonary edema secondary to an acute myocarditis of different origin. Therefore, based on these later information, and after careful discussion with the virologists, we think that the first positive PCR result was erroneous, without clear explanation for this. Until new cases appear, the fact that two subsequent peritoneal dialysate carefully processed were negative indicates that we cannot reliably prove a peritoneal dialysate contamination by COVID-19 virus in our patient. We deeply apologize for this premature publication. M.Nouvier and D.Fouque for the author

Impact à long terme du reflux vésico-urétéral symptomatique post-transplantation rénale (résultats d'une étude rétrospective monocentrique)

Introduction : Le Reflux Vésico-Urétéral (RVU) post-transplantation rénale est une complication urologique rare dont l'impact à long terme sur la fonction du greffon est controversé. Il n'existe pas de consensus sur sa prise en charge médicale et/ou chirurgicale. Patients et méthodes : 27 patients avec un RVU symptomatique confirmé en cystographie rétrograde (groupe RVU+) ont été rétrospectivement inclus du 26 mars 1986 au 31 octobre 2012 (suivi médian= 5,9 ans) et classés en deux groupes : Succès (disparition du reflux après traitement chirurgical ; n=12) ou Échec (reflux persistant ; n=15). Afin d'évaluer l'impact à long terme du RVU, nous avons utilisé une stratégie cas-contrôles (1 cas pour 2 contrôles). Les patients étaient comparables en âge et en année de transplantation. Résultats : Un reflux de haut grade (> grade II) était présent chez 67% des patients. Le traitement chirurgical de première intention était endoscopique. Comparativement au groupe contrôle, il existait plus de femmes et de néphropathies de reflux initiales dans le groupe RVU+ (18/54 versus 21/27 [p=0,0002] et 3/54 versus 8/27 [p=0,005] ; respectivement). Après 5 ans de greffe, la dégradation de la fonction rénale était moins marquée dans le groupe Succès ( eDFG moyen = -9,7 +-20,2 ml/min/1,73m2) que dans le groupe Échec ( eDFG moyen= -16,3 +-21,4 ml/min/1,73m2) et l'altération de la fonction du greffon était plus importante chez les patients du groupe Échec ( eDFG moyen= -16,3+-21,4 ml/min/1,73m2) que chez ceux du groupe contrôle ( eDFG moyen= -4,2+-18,1 ml/min/1,73m2). A la fin du suivi, la détérioration de la fonction rénale restait plus marquée dans le groupe Échec ( eDFG moyen= -22,1+-19,8 ml/min/1,73m2) que dans le groupe contrôle ( eDFG moyen= - 14,3+-16,9 ml/min/1,73m2). A l'inverse, à 5 ans post-transplantation, la dégradation de la fonction rénale était comparable chez les patients du groupe Succès ( eDFG moyen= - 9,7+-20,2 ml/min/1,73m2) et leurs contrôles ( eDFG moyen= -11,7+-20,4 ml/min/1,73m2). Il en était de même à la fin du suivi ( eDFG moyen= -13+-17,7 ml/min/1,73m2 dans le groupe Succès versus eDFG moyen= -12,2+-17,4 ml/min/1,73m2 dans le groupe contrôle). Conclusion : Le RVU post-transplantation est une complication dont l'impact sur l'évolution de la fonction du greffon peut être limité grâce au traitement chirurgical. Une stratégie thérapeutique médico-chirurgicale standardisée permettrait d'en améliorer la prise en charge. Ces résultats restent à valider par une étude prospective incluant un plus grand nombre de patients.POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Situation of the Covid-19 epidemic in patients on peritoneal dialysis on 2020/05/15 in France : RDPLF data-base

Numerous studies have shown that chronic renal failure, whatever the treatment, is an important risk factor during the SARS-Cov2 pandemic. We present the incidence of COVID-19 infection, and its lethality, in France according to data from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (RDPLF), during the period of the epidemic peak between March 1 and May 15, 2020.&#x0D; Of the 3,104 patients treated with PD during this period, from 156 centers, 59 contracted COVID-19, ie 1.8%, a percentage significantly lower than that observed in center hemodialysis. Diabetes was found in 64% of infected patients while it was only present in 36% of uncontaminated patients. The mode of contamination was attributed to a hospital stay in 19% of the cases, a family infection in 17% of the cases, treatment in nursing homes in 15% of the cases, unknown in 44% of the cases. Sixty-two percent of the infected patients were on assisted PD, without identifying the source of contamination. The mortality rate was high at 40%, comparable to other countries in PD. A comparison with hemodialysis could only be made after adjustment for comorbidities and patient profiles: data on hemodialysis are not available in the RDPLF.&#x0D; Home peritoneal dialysis decreases the risk of Covid-19 contamination, but associated comorbidities and age are the source of high mortality. Non-autonomous patients have a higher risk of contamination.</jats:p

P0307KIDNEY-HEMOPATHY CONSULTATION: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE

Abstract Background and Aims Renal involvement in plasma cell dyscrasia has been widely described, including Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal significance (MGRS). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hematological disorders carries major implications for management, prognosis and the potential for progressive renal injury and ESRD. Specific monthly Kidney-Hemopathy Consultation has been created in 2017 in the department of Nephrology. The aimed of this was to describe the clinical, biological and histological characteristics of patients with hematological disorders and CKD. Method From 01/05/2017 to 31/12/2019 adults with hematological disorders and CKD (eGFR&amp;lt;60ml/min and/or proteinuria or hematuria) were prospectively included. Results Fifty-six patients (27 men) were enrolled: Multiple Myeloma (n=30), MGUS (n=11), Lymphoma (n=5), Acute Leukemia (n=4), LMC (n=2), 1 LLC (n=2), Cryoglobulinemia (n=1), Refractory Anemia with Excess blasts (n=1), Bone marrow aplasia (n=1). This nephrology consultation was the first for 22 patients (39%), referred by a hematologist in 38 cases (68%). Renal injury was confirmed after the hematologic diagnosis in 34 patients (61%) and precedes the diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia for 8 patients (14%). The median eGFR was 54.1ml/min/1.73m (128-4): CKD stage II (n=16), stage III (n=28), stage IV (n=7) and stage V (n=2). Proteinuria was &amp;gt;0.5g/day for 22 (39.3%) patients including a Bence-Jones proteinuria for 15 patients (27%). Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was confirmed in 34 patients (63%) and 8 (24%) requiring acute dialysis. Histologic diagnostic of kidney injury was confirmed for 21 patients (38%): 16 kidney biopsies and 5 AL renal amyloidosis confirmed by salivary glands or abdominal fat biopsy. MGRS was confirmed in 34 patients (61%): Cast nephropathy (n=10;29%), AL amyloidosis (n=7;20%); C3 nephropathy (n=3; 9%), Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits (n=3), Light Chain Proximal Tubulopathy (n=3), Randall-type monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (n=2, 6%), 1 Minimal Change Disease (n=1; 3%), Glomerulonephritis with Organized Microtubular Monoclonal Ig Deposits (n=1) and exclusive tumoral renal infiltration (n=1). Associated tumoral infiltration or crystalline podocytopathy was confirmed in 2 and 1 biopsy respectively. Glomerular MGRS was highly suspected for 2 patients, even if no biopsy was performed. MGRS was excluded for 22 patients (39%): AKI due to antibiotics or sepsis (n=8; 36%), hypovolemia (n=4; 18%) or hypercalcemia (n=3; 14%); 2 renal artery stenosis due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (n=2; 9%), nephroangiosclerosis (n=1), lithiasis (n=1), CKD post- nephrectomy CKD (n=1), and immunoallergic nephritis (n=1). Hematological treatment was initiated in 54 patients (96%). All patients with MGRS were treated, whom 17 (50%) completely or partially in the Nephrology department. Proteasome inhibitors, alkylant agents and IMIDs were the main molecule used in first line therapy (56%, 23% and 12% respectively). Eleven patients (20%) had stem cell transplantation. After a median follow up of 16 months (38-0), complete or very good partial hematologic response was obtained in 48 patients (89%); whom 30 with MGRS (88%). Median eGFR was 45ml/min/1.73m (142-4): CKD stage II (n=18), stage III (n=23) and stage IV (n=9). Only 1/3 CKD stade V patient needed chronic replacement therapy. Eight patients died (14%): 4 uncontrolled hematologic disease (50%) and 3 septic complications (38%). Conclusion Very closed collaboration between Nephrology and Hematology Department in our Center contributes to improve early management of patients with hematological disorders associated with CKD, and probably their survey. Hemato-Nephrology is a viable and emergent specialty. </jats:sec

Une maladie systémique mimant une polyarthrite rhumatoïde

International audienceIntroductionDes maladies systémiques rares et graves comme l’amylose peuvent mimer un rhumatisme inflammatoire. Il est important de les rechercher, du fait de leur pronostic péjoratif. Nous rapportons le cas d’une amylose AL diagnostiquée à tort comme une polyarthrite rhumatoïde.ObservationUne patiente de 71 ans était adressée pour une polyarthrite rhumatoïde séronégative, résistante à trois biothérapies. Elle présentait également une gammapathie monoclonale de signification indéterminée (MGUS) IgA lambda. Secondairement, la patiente développait une protéinurie glomérulaire, en lien avec une amylose AL (Amyloid Light-chain) prouvée sur des biopsies de graisse abdominale et des glandes salivaires accessoires. Avec un traitement par bortezomib–cyclophosphamide–dexamethasone, une rémission hématologique, rénale et articulaire était obtenue, mais une rechute hématologique et articulaire survenait 10 mois après l’interruption de ce traitement.ConclusionL’arthropathie de l’amylose AL est sous-diagnostiquée. Dans une revue d’arthropathie amyloïde associée à un myélome multiple, 33 % des patients avaient eu un diagnostic erroné de polyarthrite rhumatoïde