Pratiques linguistiques des familles d’origines burundaise et sénégalaise à Québec

Au Québec, l’usage de la langue française est favorisé et encadré par la loi. Cet encadrement est plus spécifiquement circonscrit au milieu du travail. La littérature montre cependant que l’usage du français n’est pas garanti dans les familles immigrantes. Or, le français est garant de l’identité québécoise, de la cohésion sociale et de l’intégration de ceux qui ont fait du Québec leur projet de vie. C’est dans le but de décrire et de comprendre les pratiques linguistiques des familles d’origines burundaise et sénégalaise vivant à Québec que nous avons mené cette recherche. Cette dernière s’est déclinée en deux volets quantitatif et qualitatif. Au travers du volet quantitatif, nous avons démontré les spécificités linguistiques des communautés burundaise et sénégalaise au Québec en les comparant à celles des communautés ivoirienne et camerounaise. Cet objectif a mené à des analyses descriptives du recensement de 2016 suivant quatre indicateurs linguistiques (langue maternelle, langue parlée le plus à la maison, langue officielle parlée et langue de travail). Les résultats montrent que bien que les immigrants originaires de ces quatre pays parlent plus souvent français à la maison, ceux originaires du Burundi et du Sénégal vont davantage pratiquer le bilinguisme langue africaine-française. Le but de notre volet qualitatif a été de proposer une compréhension des pratiques linguistiques au sein des familles d’origines burundaise et sénégalaise en analysant les données sous la lentille de l’interactionnisme symbolique. Pour ce faire, nous avons rencontré 20 parents d’origines burundaise (10) et sénégalaise (10) pour des entrevues semi-dirigées. Nous avons relevé dans les discours des parents que les pratiques familiales résultent de négociation entre leur vécu et celui des enfants. Cette négociation donne à voir les enjeux identitaires auxquels ces familles sont confrontées. Ainsi, les pratiques linguistiques au sein de ces familles représentent l’expression de leurs identités, de leurs cultures et de leurs valeurs.In Quebec, the use of the French language is encouraged and regulated by law. Thisregulation is specifically limited to the workplace. However, the literature shows that the useof French is not guaranteed in immigrant families. French is the foundation of Quebec'sidentity, social cohesion and the integration of those chose Quebec for their life project.We conducted this research with the aim of describing and understanding the linguisticpractices of families of Burundian and Senegalese origin living in Quebec City. The researchwas divided into two quantitative and qualitative components.Through the quantitative component, we demonstrated the linguistic specificities of theBurundian and Senegalese communities in Quebec by comparing them to those of the Ivorianand Cameroonian communities. This objective led to descriptive analyses of the 2016 censusaccording to four linguistic indicators (mother tongue, language most spoken at home,official language spoken and language of work). The results show that although immigrantsfrom these four countries speak French more often at home, those from Burundi and Senegalare more likely to practice African-French bilingualism.The goal of our qualitative component was to provide an understanding of language practicesamong families of Burundian and Senegalese origin by analyzing the data through the lensof symbolic interactionism. To do so, we met with 20 parents of Burundian (10) andSenegalese (10) origin for semi-structured interviews. We noted in the parents' speeches thatfamily practices are the result of negotiations between their experiences and those of theirchildren. This negotiation reveals the identity issues facing these families. Thus, linguisticpractices within these families represent the expression of their identities, cultures andvalues

Factors associated with readiness to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) among young people (15-24 years) at four HIV clinics in Mulago Hospital, Uganda

Introduction: Globally, the HIV burden continues to rise among young people despite the discovery of ART. This study assessed demographic and psycho-social factors among young people associated with readiness to be initiated on ART. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV positive young people aged 15-24 years at 4 HIV clinics at Mulago Hospital. Readiness was measured as a self-report by the individual to the question,“How ready do you feel to start ART? Results: Of the 231 young people enrolled, the mean age (SD) was 20.7years (+/-2.8) and most were female (66.2%). Majority were very ready (53.3%) and very motivated (51.1%) to start ART. Higher treatment readiness was associated with being female (95% CI [5.62, 8.31], p=0.003), thinking that ART cures HIV (95% CI [0.43, 0.86], p=0.005), history of having unprotected sex (95% CI [0.79, 0.87], p=<0.001), anticipating negative HIV results (95% CI [0.26, 0.88], p=0.017), internalized stigma (95% CI [0.83, 0.98], p=0.018) and knowledge of positive ART effects for others (95% CI [0.84, 0.93], p=<0.001). Conclusions: Understanding the underlying factors associated with ART readiness among young people can inform strategiesto support and increase individuals’ readiness to initiate ART and early engagement in care. Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy Readiness; Young people; Sub-Saharan Africa

Four new Pauridiantha species (Rubiaceae) reflect the richness of Gabon's rainforests

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The vascular plant diversity of Burundi

Background and aims The vascular plant diversity of Burundi is still insufficiently explored, described, and understood. The goal of this paper is to show the degree of botanical exploration and the spatial patterns of botanical diversity in Burundi to date. Material and methods The study is based on a dataset containing virtually all plant collections, observed in herbaria, recorded in databases, or cited in literature, made in Burundi. All data were compiled, cleaned, and each record georeferenced. Various distribution analyses were carried out, some of which were based on a grid of 199 hexagonal cells. Key results The dataset comprises 37,200 herbarium collections representing 3,860 species grouped in 1,290 genera and 216 families. The expected species richness is estimated at 4,869. The average number of collections per species is 8.8, but 1,149 species (27%) are sampled only once. The seven most species-rich families are Fabaceae (539 spp.), Poaceae (387), Asteraceae (298), Orchidaceae (286), Cyperaceae (272), Rubiaceae (227), and Acanthaceae (128), which together account for over 50% of the vascular plant flora of Burundi. The seven largest genera are Cyperus (90 spp.), Crotalaria (60), Indigofera (50), Polystachya (48), Habenaria (47), Vernonia (45), and Eragrostis (41). In terms of number of herbarium collections, the six most important families are Poaceae (4,754 collections), Fabaceae (4,300), Asteraceae (2,226), Rubiaceae (2,191), Cyperaceae (1,730), and Lamiaceae (1,275). The four areas most intensively explored and with the highest known species diversity are the Rusizi plain, the Kibira rain forest belonging to the Albertine Rift, the Bururi and Rumonge areas in the west, and the Mosso depression in the east. Conclusion With a collecting index of 133 collections per 100 km2, the botanical exploration of Burundi can be considered as relatively good. However, 28% of the species are only represented by a single record and some 1,000 species are potentially present but have remained uncollected to date. For every 100 new collections, there are on average 6 new species records, indicating that Burundi s inventory is still not complete

The vascular plant diversity of Burundi

Background and aims – The vascular plant diversity of Burundi is still insufficiently explored, described, and understood. The goal of this paper is to show the degree of botanical exploration and the spatial patterns of botanical diversity in Burundi to date. Material and methods – The study is based on a dataset containing virtually all plant collections, observed in herbaria, recorded in databases, or cited in literature, made in Burundi. All data were compiled, cleaned, and each record georeferenced. Various distribution analyses were carried out, some of which were based on a grid of 199 hexagonal cells. Key results – The dataset comprises 37,200 herbarium collections representing 3,860 species grouped in 1,290 genera and 216 families. The expected species richness is estimated at 4,869. The average number of collections per species is 8.8, but 1,149 species (27%) are sampled only once. The seven most species-rich families are Fabaceae (539 spp.), Poaceae (387), Asteraceae (298), Orchidaceae (286), Cyperaceae (272), Rubiaceae (227), and Acanthaceae (128), which together account for over 50% of the vascular plant flora of Burundi. The seven largest genera are Cyperus (90 spp.), Crotalaria (60), Indigofera (50), Polystachya (48), Habenaria (47), Vernonia (45), and Eragrostis (41). In terms of number of herbarium collections, the six most important families are Poaceae (4,754 collections), Fabaceae (4,300), Asteraceae (2,226), Rubiaceae (2,191), Cyperaceae (1,730), and Lamiaceae (1,275). The four areas most intensively explored and with the highest known species diversity are the Rusizi plain, the Kibira rain forest belonging to the Albertine Rift, the Bururi and Rumonge areas in the west, and the Mosso depression in the east. Conclusion – With a collecting index of 133 collections per 100 km2, the botanical exploration of Burundi can be considered as relatively good. However, 28% of the species are only represented by a single record and some 1,000 species are potentially present but have remained uncollected to date. For every 100 new collections, there are on average 6 new species records, indicating that Burundi’s inventory is still not complete

The vascular plant diversity of Burundi

Background and aims – The vascular plant diversity of Burundi is still insufficiently explored, described, and understood. The goal of this paper is to show the degree of botanical exploration and the spatial patterns of botanical diversity in Burundi to date. Material and methods – The study is based on a dataset containing virtually all plant collections, observed in herbaria, recorded in databases, or cited in literature, made in Burundi. All data were compiled, cleaned, and each record georeferenced. Various distribution analyses were carried out, some of which were based on a grid of 199 hexagonal cells. Key results – The dataset comprises 37,200 herbarium collections representing 3,860 species grouped in 1,290 genera and 216 families. The expected species richness is estimated at 4,869. The average number of collections per species is 8.8, but 1,149 species (27%) are sampled only once. The seven most species-rich families are Fabaceae (539 spp.), Poaceae (387), Asteraceae (298), Orchidaceae (286), Cyperaceae (272), Rubiaceae (227), and Acanthaceae (128), which together account for over 50% of the vascular plant flora of Burundi. The seven largest genera are Cyperus (90 spp.), Crotalaria (60), Indigofera (50), Polystachya (48), Habenaria (47), Vernonia (45), and Eragrostis (41). In terms of number of herbarium collections, the six most important families are Poaceae (4,754 collections), Fabaceae (4,300), Asteraceae (2,226), Rubiaceae (2,191), Cyperaceae (1,730), and Lamiaceae (1,275). The four areas most intensively explored and with the highest known species diversity are the Rusizi plain, the Kibira rain forest belonging to the Albertine Rift, the Bururi and Rumonge areas in the west, and the Mosso depression in the east. Conclusion – With a collecting index of 133 collections per 100 km2 , the botanical exploration of Burundi can be considered as relatively good. However, 28% of the species are only represented by a single record and some 1,000 species are potentially present but have remained uncollected to date. For every 100 new collections, there are on average 6 new species records, indicating that Burundi’s inventory is still not complete

Contributions to the Wood Anatomy of the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae)

The secondary xylem of Craterispermeae, Coussareeae, Morindeae s.str., Prismatomerideae, Pauridiantheae, Urophylleae, and Triainolepideae (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae) is described and illustrated in detail. Genera that were previously placed in the Morindeae or Psychotrieae such as Damnacanthus, Lasianthus, Saldinia, and Trichosfachys are also included. Wood anatomical characters are compared with recent phylogenetic insights into the study group on the basis of molecular data. The observations demonstrate that the delimitation and separation of several taxa from the former Coussareeae/Morindeae/Prismatomerideae/Psychotrieae aggregate is supported by wood anatomical data. The Coussareeae can be distinguished from the other Rubioideae by their scanty parenchyma, septate libriform fibres, and the combination of uniseriate and very high multiseriate rays with sheath cells. Axial parenchyma bands and fibre-tracheids characterise Gynochtodes and some species of Morinda (Morindeae sstr.), but the latter genus is variable with respect to several features (e.g. vessel groupings and axial parenchyma distribution). Wood data support separation of Rennelia and Prismatomeris from Morindeae s.str.; vessels in both genera are exclusively solitary and axial parenchyma is always diffuse to diffuse-in-aggregates. Damnacanthus differs from the Morindeae alliance by the occurrence of septate fibres, absence of axial parenchyma, and the occasional presence of fibre wall thickenings. There are interesting similarities between members of the Lasianfhus clade and the Pauridiantheae/Urophyleae group such as the sporadic occurrence of spiral thickenings in axial parenchyma cells

The present state of the digitalization in Democratic Republic of Congo: Case of the Herbarium of Lwiro

Overall, the digitization of herbaria in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has already reached a very high level. Across all institutions there are currently more than 18,000 updated and scanned images that are posted on the website of Journal Storage (JSTOR). Nevertheless, there are still about 400,000 specimens to be scanned across the country. As one of the major herbaria of the DRC, the herbarium of Lwiro has taken advantage of this opportunity. Lwiro started this kind of work in 2011 with the support of the Botanical Garden of Meise, the Royal Museum for Central Africa and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in various projects such as types and Central African endemic species, species harvested in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, and finally the Albertine Rift endemics kept in herbarium of Lwiro (LWI). Approximately 3,000 samples were updated and digitized. The herbarium of Lwiro is situated in the east of the DRC and was created in 1953 with the goal to protect, to demonstrate value of, and to preserve the flora of the DRC. About 15,000 specimens of plants are preserved. Scanning work continues in the herbarium of Lwiro; currently about 700 samples of upper and lower plants remain to be scanned and over 2,500 specimens have been digitized and will probably be published on the website of the Royal Museum of Central Africa in the CABIN project in its second project. With this initiative, our institution gained experience in digitization of natural history collections, but we are still looking for more training and collaboration opportunities in order to improve this work. Ultimately, we would like to digitize and publish online the complete collection to improve accessibility and keep valuable scientific data in a safe format