Extended Bell and Stirling numbers from hypergeometric exponentiation

Exponentiating the hypergeometric series 0FL(1,1,...,1;z), L = 0,1,2,..., furnishes a recursion relation for the members of certain integer sequences bL(n), n = 0,1,2,.... For L >= 0, the bL(n)'s are generalizations of the conventional Bell numbers, b0(n). The corresponding associated Stirling numbers of the second kind are also investigated. For L = 1 one can give a combinatorial interpretation of the numbers b1(n) and of some Stirling numbers associated with them. We also consider the L>1 analogues of Bell numbers for restricted partitions

The Influence of substituents on the optical rotatory power of organic compounds: the isomeric methoxy and nitro-benzoic esters of active secondary β-octyl alcohol

The investigation of a number of optically activeoctyl esters of 0-, m-, and p- substituted benzoicacids reveals a regularity in the influence of sub­stituents in the ortho-position.The m-directive or positive nitro and carboxyl groups increase the rotation of octyl benzoate, where­as the o- and p~ directive or negative methoxy and chloro groups decrease the rotation. Further, the relative influence of these groups with respect to hydrogen is in agreement with their relative influence on the rotation of menthyl benzoate and with the irrelative influence on the substitution of benzene

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with dementia

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unique risks to people with Alzheimer disease and dementia. Research from 2020 has shown that these people have a relatively high risk of contracting severe COVID-19, and are also at risk of neuropsychiatric disturbances as a result of lockdown measures and social isolation

Ageing stereotypes influence the transmission of false memories in the social contagion paradigm

These experiments are the first to investigate the impact of confederate accuracy, age, and age stereotypes in the social contagion of memory paradigm. Across two experiments, younger participants recalled household scenes with an actual (Experiment 1) or virtual (Experiment 2), older or younger confederate who suggested different proportions (0%, 33% or 100%) of false items during collaboration. In Experiment 2, positive and negative age stereotypes were primed by providing bogus background information about our older confederate before collaboration. Across both experiments, if confederates suggested false items participants readily incorporated these into their own memory reports. In Experiment 1, when no age stereotype was primed, participants adopted similar proportions of false items from younger and older confederates. Importantly, in Experiment 2, when our older confederate was presented in terms of negative ageing stereotypes, participants reported less false items and were better able to correctly identify the source of those false items

American scientists and their fictions: professional authorship and intellectual identity, 1870-1900

Writers and critics in the Gilded Age United States frequently debated the relations between literature and science. A common contemporary interpretation of this relationship held that these two ways of knowing and writing were fundamentally opposed and that the advancement of science in American culture came at the expense of literary sensibilities. Nevertheless, and often as an effort to challenge this supposed opposition, many scientists also cultivated reputations as literary figures, and produced or planned diverse works ranging from travel-writing and novels to verse drama. Such authors as Clarence King, J. Peter Lesley, Simon Newcomb and Nathaniel Southgate Shaler sustained a hybrid literary-scientific culture in the late nineteenth-century. This interdisciplinary cultural zone was fragile and increasingly fractured by around 1900, as the emergence and consolidation of new categories of intellectual labour became increasingly wedded to the images of the “professional author” and the “scientist” as mutually exclusive identities. This article seeks to contribute to recurrent debates about the “two cultures” of literature and science by foregrounding the differentiation of these new forms of professional and intellectual identity as a decisive factor which constrained the possibility of a shared literary-scientific culture by the turn of the twentieth century