Raman studies of plasmons in two-dimensional electron gases

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Games for learning and learning transfer.

Research findings are at best mixed with regard to the effectiveness of computer and video games in promoting learning transfer or learning, but much of this research makes use of the same unsuccessful methods of classic transfer experiments which offered research subjects limited initial practice in the learning to be transferred. Learning transfer however, like expertise, may need to be based on extended practice, an idea supported by studies of habitual or expert game players and recent non-game related developments in transfer research. Practice however must be joined to a certain kind of game complexity and cognitive or experiential game fidelity before deep learning and instances of significant transfer can be facilitated. Implications of these transfer conditions for the design of games for transfer are discussed as well as the need for research with regard to the various learning processes underlying the game-play behaviour of expert and habitual gamers

Management development: contemporary trends, issues and strategies

Recent changes have demanded a more strategic perspective from those who lead and manage organisations, placing increased pressure on employees to be more productive, innovative and change orientated. This has precipitated a search for a more integrated model of human resource development. This article discusses some of the debate that currently prevails within the field of management development. In doing so, it gives consideration to a range of definitional issues, current debates and a number of alternative but complementary management development strategies. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the issues involved in evaluating the effectiveness of management development, focusing in particular on the problems of measurement of outcomes