Spin Seebeck insulator

Thermoelectric generation is an essential function of future energy-saving technologies. However, this generation has been an exclusive feature of electric conductors, a situation which inflicts a heavy toll on its application; a conduction electron often becomes a nuisance in thermal design of devices. Here we report electric-voltage generation from heat flowing in an insulator. We reveal that, despite the absence of conduction electrons, a magnetic insulator LaY2Fe5O12 converts a heat flow into spin voltage. Attached Pt films transform this spin voltage into electric voltage by the inverse spin Hall effect. The experimental results require us to introduce thermally activated interface spin exchange between LaY2Fe5O12 and Pt. Our findings extend the range of potential materials for thermoelectric applications and provide a crucial piece of information for understanding the physics of the spin Seebeck effect.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures (including supplementary information

Spin Caloritronics

This is a brief overview of the state of the art of spin caloritronics, the science and technology of controlling heat currents by the electron spin degree of freedom (and vice versa).Comment: To be published in "Spin Current", edited by S. Maekawa, E. Saitoh, S. Valenzuela and Y. Kimura, Oxford University Pres

Vertical integration, market foreclosure and quality investment

We study incentives to vertically integrate in an industry with verti- cally differentiated downstream firms. Vertical integration by one of the firms increases production costs for the rival. Increased production costs negatively affects quality investment both by the integrated firm and the unintegrated rival. Quality investment by both firms decreases under any (vertical inte- gration) scenario. The decrease in quality invesment by both firms softens competition among downstream firms. By integrating first, a firm always produces the high quality good and earns higher profits. A fully integrated industry, with increased product differentiation, is observed in equilibrium. Due to increase in firm profits, social welfare under this structure is greater than under no integration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rare missense variants in Tropomyosin-4 (TPM4) are associated with platelet dysfunction, cytoskeletal defects, and excessive bleeding

Background: A significant challenge is faced for the genetic diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders in which candidate genetic variants can be found in more than 100 bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorder genes, especially within families in which there are both normal and low platelet counts. Genetic variants of unknown clinical significance (VUS) are found in a significant proportion of such patients in which functional studies are required to prove pathogenicity. Objective: To identify the genetic cause in patients with a suspected platelet disorder and subsequently perform a detailed functional analysis of the candidate genetic variants found. Methods: Genetic and functional studies were undertaken in three patients in two unrelated families with a suspected platelet disorder and excessive bleeding. A targeted gene panel of previously known bleeding and platelet genes was used to identify plausible genetic variants. Deep platelet phenotyping was performed using platelet spreading analysis, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and platelet function testing using lumiaggregometry and flow cytometry. Results: We report rare conserved missense variants (p.R182C and p.A183V) in TPM4 encoding tromomyosin-4 in 3 patients. Deep platelet phenotyping studies revealed similar platelet function defects across the 3 patients including reduced platelet secretion, and aggregation and spreading defects suggesting that TPM4 missense variants impact platelet function and show a disordered pattern of tropomyosin staining. Conclusions: Genetic and functional TPM4 defects are reported making TPM4 a diagnostic grade tier 1 gene and highlights the importance of including TPM4 in diagnostic genetic screening for patients with significant bleeding and undiagnosed platelet disorders, particularly for those with a normal platelet count

Consumer Shopping Costs as a Cause of Slotting Fees: A Rent-Shifting Mechanism

Analyzing a sequential bargaining framework with one retailer and two suppliers of substitutable goods, we show that slotting fees may emerge as a result of a rent-shifting mechanism when consumer shopping costs are taken into account. If consumers economize on their shopping costs by bundling their purchases, their buying decision depends rather on the price for the whole shopping basket than on individual product prices. This induces complementarities between the goods offered at a retail outlet. If the complementarity effect resulting from shopping costs dominates the original substitution effect, the wholesale price negotiated with the first supplier is upward distorted in order to shift rent from the second supplier. As long as the first supplier has only little bargaining power, she compensates the retailer for the upward distorted wholesale price by paying a slotting fee. We also show that banning slotting fees causes per- unit price to fall and welfare to increase

PECULIARITIES OF USING INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF OPERATIONAL SEARCH FOR SIGNS OF CRIMES RELATED TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING

The article emphasizes the fact that one of the most dangerous types of international criminal business that grossly violates the rights of the individual is human trafficking. According to United Nations experts, this type of crime ranks third in terms of profitability after drug and arms trafficking. The realities of today prove that the era of combating human trafficking through the use of long-known methods is over. They should be replaced by new methods of crime detection using information technology, specialized software with the involvement of specialized analysts. Effective counteraction, in particular to the prevention of crimes related to human trafficking, requires proper cooperation of units for combating crimes related to human trafficking, the National Police of Ukraine with other actors in combating such crimes and is impossible without studying and taking into account legal, organizational and tactical factors in the functioning of operational units. Research carried out in this area also requires a comprehensive approach. The article considers the current state and problems of organizational and analytical support of operational units during the operational search for signs of crimes related to human trafficking, determines its specifics, suggests ways for improving it as a management tool. The differences between the concepts of “information and analytical support” and “information support” are identified, it led to the conclusion that these concepts can not be identified due to the fact that they are different in nature and relate to each other as general and partial. To understand the essence of information and analytical work and information and analytical support, it is necessary to turn to the very concepts of analysis. Features of information support of operative search of signs of crimes connected with human trafficking are defined. Features of information and analytical support of operative search of signs of the crimes connected with human trafficking are opened, definition of its concept is offered.</jats:p

Text and voice: complements, substitutes or both?

Text messaging has become an important revenue component for most mobile operators. We develop a simple model of demand for mobile services incorporating dynamics of information exchange. We show that when incoming communication stimulate outgoing communication, services that initially may be perceived as substitutes, such as mobile text and voice, may evolve into complements in terms of the price effect when the network size becomes large. We estimate the demand for text messaging in the Norwegian market and find that the cross-price effect of voice depends on the network size. Voice is a substitute for text messages for small network sizes, and a complement for large network sizes. Copyright 2009 The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.

Protection of Personal Information in the Medical Sphere of Social Relations

The purpose of the work was to identify the main legal parameters of modern information. As material sources of research at work, not only the Ukrainian regulations in the field of medical relations information are used, but also relevant innovations in the legal regulation of medical information relations, which are produced in the countries of the European Union. It is established that in the normative legal acts of Ukraine, unlike in European legislation, there is no division of information about an individual into general data and vulnerable personal data. The laws of Ukraine do not contain the notion of "public figure", whose limits of criticism, according to the European Court of Human Rights, are broader for an ordinary person. Among the main conclusions, it stands out that, in order to guarantee the freedoms and rights of citizens, it is necessary in the regulations to classify groups, lists of personal data and access to them based on the secret classification to avoid ambiguities. The materials in the article have practical value for graduates of higher education institutions of police and medical specialties, among others.</jats:p

ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНО-ТЕРМІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СКЛАДНОЇ КАТАЛІТИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ТИПУ хCrРО4уNi3(РО4)2

Individual phosphates of cobalt and nickel and seven new complex oxide catalytic systems based on chromium phosphate were synthesized by modifying it with ions of Nі2+ type xCrPO4´yNi3(PO4)2 with different content of both phosphates having acidic surface properties. The modern methods of analysis have studied the composition, structure and some physical and chemical parameters of all synthesized samples. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the nature of the formation of their structure and the corresponding physico-chemical and catalytic properties was studied with the help of differential-thermal analysis. It is established that for synthesized binary samples, various forms of water that are part of their composition are characteristic: adsorbed, structural, crystallization, constitutional, etc. Allocating them from the structure of catalysts in the process of heat treatment is accompanied by various effects and corresponding endo-effects. In this case, the kinetics of water thermosorption from the surface and from the volume of internal pores depends on the nature of the interaction between the molecules in the adsorption layers and water molecules on the surface. In the allocation of adsorbed water from phosphate catalysts, the change in the type of anion is not observed. However, the elimination of crystallization, and especially constitutional water, is accompanied by a rupture of chemical bonds, intense diffusion of water vapor from the lattice and rearrangement of phosphate anion. All synthesized phosphates have different curves of DTA, which are different from individual phosphates of cromium and nickel, and with each other. After calcining at 700°C and at higher temperatures, all synthesized complex catalytic phosphate systems exist in the form of anhydrous salts, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopic and chemical analyzes. Thus, the results obtained are in good agreement with [24, 25] and show that, as it was predicted, when changing the composition of the chromium-nickel-phosphate system, it was possible to obtain catalysts, on the surface of which formed certain chemical structures that could form the corresponding optimal surface complexes and detect special catalytic properties in the processes of partial oxidation of n-alkanes in valuable products.Individual phosphates of cobalt and nickel and seven new complex oxide catalytic systems based on chromium phosphate were synthesized by modifying it with ions of Nі2+ type xCrPO4´yNi3(PO4)2 with different content of both phosphates having acidic surface properties. The modern methods of analysis have studied the composition, structure and some physical and chemical parameters of all synthesized samples. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the nature of the formation of their structure and the corresponding physico-chemical and catalytic properties was studied with the help of differential-thermal analysis. It is established that for synthesized binary samples, various forms of water that are part of their composition are characteristic: adsorbed, structural, crystallization, constitutional, etc. Allocating them from the structure of catalysts in the process of heat treatment is accompanied by various effects and corresponding endo-effects. In this case, the kinetics of water thermosorption from the surface and from the volume of internal pores depends on the nature of the interaction between the molecules in the adsorption layers and water molecules on the surface. In the allocation of adsorbed water from phosphate catalysts, the change in the type of anion is not observed. However, the elimination of crystallization, and especially constitutional water, is accompanied by a rupture of chemical bonds, intense diffusion of water vapor from the lattice and rearrangement of phosphate anion. All synthesized phosphates have different curves of DTA, which are different from individual phosphates of cromium and nickel, and with each other. After calcining at 700°C and at higher temperatures, all synthesized complex catalytic phosphate systems exist in the form of anhydrous salts, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopic and chemical analyzes. Thus, the results obtained are in good agreement with [24, 25] and show that, as it was predicted, when changing the composition of the chromium-nickel-phosphate system, it was possible to obtain catalysts, on the surface of which formed certain chemical structures that could form the corresponding optimal surface complexes and detect special catalytic properties in the processes of partial oxidation of n-alkanes in valuable products