Pengaruh Penerapan Jalan Satu Arah Terhadap Jalan Kolektor Sekunder (Studi Kasus Pada Jl. Kh. Abdul Hamid Dan Jl. Kh Abdurrahman Siddik Di Kota Pangkalpinang)

Perubahan arus lalu lintas menjadi satu arah pada ruas jalan utama yang diterapkan Pemerintah Kota Pangkalpinang tentunya akan berimbas pada pengguna jalan yang memiliki kecendrungan untuk memilih jarak tempuh terpendek melalui jalan-jalan alternatif yang menghubungkan jalan utama. Dalam hal ini, yang terjadi adalah tidak adanya Perubahan pada manajemen lalu lintas ataupun Perubahan fisik yang dilakukan pada jalan alternatif sebagai penghubung jalan utama. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei perhitungan volume lalu lintas, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997. Sedangkan metode untuk mengetahui dampak ekonomi pada pelaku ekonomi mikro yang ada di ruas jalan kolektor sekunder dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara (mengisi kuesioner) secara langsung, kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan software SPSS 17, selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kinerja lalu lintas yang ada pada ruas JL. KH. Abdul Hamid secara umum, memiliki LOS (Level Of Service) pada jam sibuk dengan tingkat pelayanan E (≤ 1) yang menunjukkan lalu lintas dalam kondisi kadang terhambat, terlihat pada derajat kejenuhan yang diperoleh sebesar 0,942. Sehingga ruas jalan ini sudah tidak memenuhi persyaratan MKJI 1997. Setelah dilakukannya analisis dampak ekonomi pada pelaku ekonomi mikro pada sisi ruas JL. KH. Abdul Hamid dan JL. KH. Abdurrahman Siddik, maka diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dengan diterapkannya jalan satu arah maka berdampak positif bagi perekonomian pada ruas jalan kolektor sekunder tersebut

Impact of the ash deposits from coal combustion on thermal conditions of the furnace pipes

One of the problems of thermal power plants is the contamination of heating surfaces that arises during the boiler unit operation while combusting the solid fuel. The main part of the energy is consumed by pipes forming the furnace. Non-combustible mineral part of the fuel in the form of the ash and slag accumulates on the heating surfaces and thereby prevents heating of the working liquid. Therefore, boiler requires higher fuel consumption to maintain the operating conditions. Violation of the thermal conditions of heating surfaces in consequence of contamination causes the negative effects on metal pipes right up to failure. This problem is urgent due to the fact that information about the process of slagging and its effect on the thermal conditions of the heating surface operation enables the possibility to minimize the negative consequences. This possibility is achieved by adjusting the thermal conditions of the combustion process in the furnace with the periodic cleaning of the heating surfaces

Clinicopathological evaluation of intranasal, subcutaneous and intramuscular routes of vaccination against intratracheal challenge of Peste des petits ruminants virus in goats

An experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of intranasal vaccination against caprine Peste des petits ruminant lineage 1 variant virus infection with intramuscular and subcutaneous vaccinations. Twenty four goats were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was vaccinated intranasally, group 2 was vaccinated subcutaneously, and group 3 intramuscularly, while group 4 was the unvaccinated control. In each group, the vaccinations were carried out once. All goats were challenged intratracheally with PPR virus at a concentration of 106.5 TCID50 two weeks after vaccination and were euthanised 21 days after the challenge. The clinical, lung consolidation, gross and histopathological scores were employed using standard techniques. All data were analysed statistically using the paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Group 3 had the highest clinical score following the challenge of vaccinated group while deaths were observed only in group 4. Three goats in group 2 and 3 had pneumonic lung lesions, compared with none in group 1 and all the goats in group 4. The lung lesions in group 4 were significantly (P 0.05) while group 1 had no consolidation. This study showed that PPR vaccination using subcutaneous, intramuscular and intranasal routes were protective but that of intranasal was found to be easy to apply hence it could be used for the prevention of the disease in small ruminants

The effect of heat stress on the oxidative status of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) infected with Streptococcus Agalactiae

A commercial red hybrid tilapia was experimented with S. agalactiae infection under influences of heat stress which indicated by plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) as biomarkers of stress. To achieve these objectives, 110 red hybrid tilapia in good health were divided into five groups of 22 fish each. Group A was challenged with 2.3 109 CFU of S. agalactiae and exposed to heat stress at 33 ± 0.5C on day 1. Group B was challenged on day 1 as in Group A but heat stress was introduced on day 7 post challenge (pc). Group C was exposed to heat stress on day 1 and challenged on day 7 pc while groups D and E served as a positive and negative controls respectively. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 for MDA and SOD analysis. Groups A and B recorded high mortality following exposure to heat stress and bacteria inoculation, with group A reaching 100% mortality at day 7 post inoculation. Overall, Groups A, B, C and Group D showed pattern of increase in MDA level as early as day 3 and decrease pattern for SOD activity. Group E did not show any significant difference in MDA level throughout the study period. Clinical signs such as erratic swimming, exopthalmia, skin haemorrhage and cloudy eye were predominantly observed in group A 24 h post inoculation. Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that heat stress plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of S. agalactiae, via alteration of the oxidant defence system

Power Flow Calculations by Deterministic Methods and Artificial Intelligence Method

In this paper, we will present different methods for Power Flow Calculations. First, we will describe the deterministic methods; which are Gauss-Seidel (GS) and Newton-Raphson (NR) methods, in addition to that, we will use also a Newton based method Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FDLF). Second, we have the Artificial intelligence method Neural Network (NN). Matlab programs were developed for solving Power Flow problem using GS and NR methods and regarding the ANN, we established and trained artificial neural networks models for computing voltage magnitudes and voltage phase angles. We used these methods to solve the Power Flow problem of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 14 bus system. The results that we obtained were presented in graphs at the end of the paper

Hysteresis of Electronic Transport in Graphene Transistors

Graphene field effect transistors commonly comprise graphene flakes lying on SiO2 surfaces. The gate-voltage dependent conductance shows hysteresis depending on the gate sweeping rate/range. It is shown here that the transistors exhibit two different kinds of hysteresis in their electrical characteristics. Charge transfer causes a positive shift in the gate voltage of the minimum conductance, while capacitive gating can cause the negative shift of conductance with respect to gate voltage. The positive hysteretic phenomena decay with an increase of the number of layers in graphene flakes. Self-heating in helium atmosphere significantly removes adsorbates and reduces positive hysteresis. We also observed negative hysteresis in graphene devices at low temperature. It is also found that an ice layer on/under graphene has much stronger dipole moment than a water layer does. Mobile ions in the electrolyte gate and a polarity switch in the ferroelectric gate could also cause negative hysteresis in graphene transistors. These findings improved our understanding of the electrical response of graphene to its surroundings. The unique sensitivity to environment and related phenomena in graphene deserve further studies on nonvolatile memory, electrostatic detection and chemically driven applications.Comment: 13 pages, 6 Figure

Reduction in camera-specific variability in [123I]FP-CIT SPECT outcome measures by image reconstruction optimized for multisite settings: impact on age-dependence of the specific binding ratio in the ENC-DAT database of healthy controls

Purpose Quantitative estimates of dopamine transporter availability, determined with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT, depend on the SPECT equipment, including both hardware and (reconstruction) software, which limits their use in multicentre research and clinical routine. This study tested a dedicated reconstruction algorithm for its ability to reduce camera-specific intersubject variability in [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. The secondary aim was to evaluate binding in whole brain (excluding striatum) as a reference for quantitative analysis. Methods Of 73 healthy subjects from the European Normal Control Database of [123I]FP-CIT recruited at six centres, 70 aged between 20 and 82 years were included. SPECT images were reconstructed using the QSPECT software package which provides fully automated detection of the outer contour of the head, camera-specific correction for scatter and septal penetration by transmission-dependent convolution subtraction, iterative OSEMreconstruction including attenuation correction, and camera-specific Bto kBq/ml^ calibration. LINK and HERMES reconstruction were used for head-to-head comparison. The specific striatal [123I]FP-CIT binding ratio (SBR) was computed using the Southampton method with binding in the whole brain, occipital cortex or cerebellum as the reference. The correlation between SBR and age was used as the primary quality measure. Results The fraction of SBR variability explained by age was highest (1) with QSPECT, independently of the reference region, and (2) with whole brain as the reference, independently of the reconstruction algorithm. Conclusion QSPECT reconstruction appears to be useful for reduction of camera-specific intersubject variability of [123I]FP-CIT SPECT in multisite and single-site multicamera settings. Whole brain excluding striatal binding as the reference provides more stable quantitative estimates than occipital or cerebellar binding

No difference in striatal dopamine transporter availability between active smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers using [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) and SPECT

Background: Mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways play important roles in both the rewarding and conditioning effects of drugs. The dopamine transporter (DAT) is of central importance in regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission and in particular in activating the striatal D2-like receptors. Molecular imaging studies of the relationship between DAT availability/dopamine synthesis capacity and active cigarette smoking have shown conflicting results. Through the collaboration between 13 SPECT centres located in 10 different European countries, a database of FP-CIT-binding in healthy controls was established. We used the database to test the hypothesis that striatal DAT availability is changed in active smokers compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. Methods: A total of 129 healthy volunteers were included. Subjects were divided into three categories according to past and present tobacco smoking: (1) non-smokers (n = 64), (2) ex-smokers (n = 39) and (3) active smokers (n = 26). For imaging of the DAT availability, we used [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Data were collected in collaboration between 13 SPECT centres located in 10 different European countries. The striatal measure of DAT availability was analyzed in a multiple regression model with age, SPECT centre and smoking as predictor. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in DAT availability between the groups of active smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.34). Further, we could not demonstrate a significant association between striatal DAT and the number of cigarettes per day or total lifetime cigarette packages in smokers and ex-smokers. Conclusion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that large differences in striatal DAT availability are present in smokers compared to ex-smokers and healthy volunteers with no history of smoking

Mathematical Analysis of a New Design for Cascade Solar Still

Fresh water available on earth is very scared. Yet the demand of fresh water is incessantly increasing, due to population growth and rapid industrialization. According to the United Nations, in 2025, 63% of the world’s population will be living in scarce water areas. The provision of freshwater is becoming a gradually more important issue in many areas of the world. Oceans are the only available source for large amount of water. Ocean water presents high salinity, so there is a need to desalinate ocean water for everyday consumption. Solar stills are widely used in solar desalination for being very simple devices, easy to fabricate and require only few maintenance. In this paper, a new approach to design a solar still absorber plate was developed and the effect of this design on the productivity was investigated theoretically. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the theoretical productivity of the solar still. The energy balance equations for the various elements of the solar still are formulated and numerically solved using the dynamic simulation program Matlab/SimulinkTM. The performance of the still was investigated. The results show that the thermal performance of a modified stepped solar still can be considerably improved through new introduced modifications