MECHANICAL FMC TECHNIQUES FOR REMOVING IMAGE BLUR IN DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERAS

Image blur caused by high speed motion is one of the main problems of aerial digital cameras. Removing image blur with special techniques is called Forward Motion Compensation (FMC) techniques. During the exposure time of the sensor, image of the same earth region moves more than many pixels on the sensor due to high speed, and causes image blur. Expensive TDI (time delay integration) sensors are now available and electronically compensate the motion within the sensor. In this article we propose mechanical compensation methods. During the exposure time, movement of the camera with proper angular speed will result in FMC. This can be achieved by pure older mechanical methods. Another method is to move the sensor linearly, proportional the speed of image walk. This can be provided by piezo-actuators. In this paper we present examples of these two mechanical FMC techniques. By these methods cheaper standard sensors can be used in digital aerial cameras

DESIGN STEPS TO TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INSENSITIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR DIGITAL AERIAL IMAGING

Imaging from air has evolved from film cameras to digital cameras over the last years. Here we give the design steps of an aerial objective lens for a given CCD sensor. Matching to the pixel pitch of the sensor and providing desired field of view according to CCD size are traditional steps. Besides these, to minimize the environmental effects, design should be insensitive to the temperature and pressure as much as possible. Performance of a lens, designed at room temperature and pressure will be degraded if temperature and pressure changes. This is firstly caused by the change of relative refraction indices of materials, and secondly thermal expansion or contraction of both glass and housing materials. Here it is shown that according to the environmental working conditions, custom designs are necessary to provide images with sufficient resolution up in the air. These design principles are also valid for the fore optics of spectroscopic imaging tools. Since designs are insensitive to temperature and pressure, working environmental range is wide

The incidence of mesothelioma has not decreased for the last twenty years in Southeast region of Anatolia

Background: Malignant pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a very rarely encountered tumor in the normal population. Objectives: To investigate the variations in incidence of MPM in Southeast region of Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the data of 161 MPM patients who were diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2009. The residential areas were determined according to asbestos exposure which plays a role in MPM etiology; previously reported as having asbestos (Region 1) and asbestos has not been determined previously (Region 2). Results: One hundred nine (109) of the patients (67.7%) included from the Region 1 and 52 of them (32.3%) included from the Region 2. MPM incidence of the last decade was 3.9/100,000 person/year for the whole region. In Region 1, 20002004 incidences was 12.6/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 14.9/100,000 person/year. In Region 2, 2000- 2004 incidences was 0.4/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 1.0/100,000 person/year. According to the recently conducted incidence studies in our region, MPM incidence increased in region 1 and decreased in region 2. The number of patients applying to our hospital has increased in the last three years. Conclusion: This increase, in Region 1 may be associated with continuous use of asbestos

The incidence of mesothelioma has not decreased for the last twenty years in Southeast region of Anatolia

Background: Malignant pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a very rarely encountered tumor in the normal population. Objectives: To investigate the variations in incidence of MPM in Southeast region of Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the data of 161 MPM patients who were diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2009. The residential areas were determined according to asbestos exposure which plays a role in MPM etiology; previously reported as having asbestos (Region 1) and asbestos has not been determined previously (Region 2). Results: One hundred nine (109) of the patients (67.7%) included from the Region 1 and 52 of them (32.3%) included from the Region 2. MPM incidence of the last decade was 3.9/100,000 person/year for the whole region. In Region 1, 20002004 incidences was 12.6/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 14.9/100,000 person/year. In Region 2, 2000- 2004 incidences was 0.4/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 1.0/100,000 person/year. According to the recently conducted incidence studies in our region, MPM incidence increased in region 1 and decreased in region 2. The number of patients applying to our hospital has increased in the last three years. Conclusion: This increase, in Region 1 may be associated with continuous use of asbestos

The incidence of mesothelioma has not decreased for the last twenty years in Southeast region of Anatolia

Background: Malignant pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a very rarely encountered tumor in the normal population. Objectives: To investigate the variations in incidence of MPM in Southeast region of Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the data of 161 MPM patients who were diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2009. The residential areas were determined according to asbestos exposure which plays a role in MPM etiology; previously reported as having asbestos (Region 1) and asbestos has not been determined previously (Region 2). Results: One hundred nine (109) of the patients (67.7%) included from the Region 1 and 52 of them (32.3%) included from the Region 2. MPM incidence of the last decade was 3.9/100,000 person/year for the whole region. In Region 1, 2000-2004 incidences was 12.6/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 14.9/100,000 person/year. In Region 2, 2000-2004 incidences was 0.4/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 1.0/100,000 person/year. According to the recently conducted incidence studies in our region, MPM incidence increased in region 1 and decreased in region 2. The number of patients applying to our hospital has increased in the last three years. Conclusion: This increase, in Region 1 may be associated with continuous use of asbestos