ANDROGENE DEPRIVATION THERAPY DOES NOT ALTER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER: A MULTICENTER PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE SOCIETY OF UROLOGICAL SURGERY ANDROLOGY GROUP

[Abstract Not Available

Nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) activity is a therapeutic target in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and fatal motor neuron disease. Diagnosis typically occurs in the fifth decade of life and the disease progresses rapidly leading to death within ~ 2–5 years of symptomatic onset. There is no cure, and the few available treatments offer only a modest extension in patient survival. A protein central to ALS is the nuclear RNA/DNA-binding protein, TDP-43. In > 95% of ALS patients, TDP-43 is cleared from the nucleus and forms phosphorylated protein aggregates in the cytoplasm of affected neurons and glia. We recently defined that poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) activity regulates TDP-43-associated toxicity. PAR is a posttranslational modification that is attached to target proteins by PAR polymerases (PARPs). PARP-1 and PARP-2 are the major enzymes that are active in the nucleus. Here, we uncovered that the motor neurons of the ALS spinal cord were associated with elevated nuclear PAR, suggesting elevated PARP activity. Veliparib, a small-molecule inhibitor of nuclear PARP-1/2, mitigated the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates in mammalian cells. In primary spinal-cord cultures from rat, Veliparib also inhibited TDP-43-associated neuronal death. These studies uncover that PAR activity is misregulated in the ALS spinal cord, and a small-molecular inhibitor of PARP-1/2 activity may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of ALS and related disorders associated with abnormal TDP-43 homeostasis

Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm

Spinal infection is a rare pathology although a concerning rising incidence has been observed in recent years. This increase might reflect a progressively more susceptible population but also the availability of increased diagnostic accuracy. Yet, even with improved diagnosis tools and procedures, the delay in diagnosis remains an important issue. This review aims to highlight the importance of a methodological attitude towards accurate and prompt diagnosis using an algorithm to aid on spinal infection management. METHODS: Appropriate literature on spinal infection was selected using databases from the US National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS: Literature reveals that histopathological analysis of infected tissues is a paramount for diagnosis and must be performed routinely. Antibiotic therapy is transversal to both conservative and surgical approaches and must be initiated after etiological diagnosis. Indications for surgical treatment include neurological deficits or sepsis, spine instability and/or deformity, presence of epidural abscess and upon failure of conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A methodological assessment could lead to diagnosis effectiveness of spinal infection. Towards this, we present a management algorithm based on literature findings

Sex differences in the associations of socioeconomic status with stroke in the Turkish Population

Abstract Background Low SES status is associated with the risk of stroke, with sex differences in the risk profiles. Recent evidence suggests that this association may differ in middle-income countries. We explored this association in the Turkish population. Methods The database of the Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey in Turkey from 2013 and 2019 was used. The education level and employment status of the participants were chosen as a proxy indicator for SES. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of SES on incident stroke controlled by age, settlement, behavioral and biological risk factors. Interaction terms were introduced to the Cox models to assess the multiplicative interaction between sex and SES on the risk of stroke. Results The study included 13 975 participants; 7 450 females (53.3%) and 6525 males (46.7%). During 74.2±9.87 months of follow-up, 108 strokes occurred among females (2.34 cases per 1000 person-years) and 81 stroke cases occurred among males (2.01 cases per 1000 person-years). Completion of primary school education was associated with decreased risk of stroke (HR = 0.46, 95%Cl: 0.25-0.84) among males. Education level had a linear protective effect against stroke among females after adjustment for behavioral and biological risk factors (HR = 0.50, 95%Cl: 0.30-0.81; HR = 0.30, 95%Cl: 0.12-0.71; respectively for primary education and secondary or higher education). Employment status did not predict the incident stroke for both sexes. There was no evidence of an interaction between sex and education (p = 0.68). Conclusions In this Turkish population, stroke risk was greater in women than in men. Increasing education was associated with a reduced risk of stroke in Turkish women, whereas the only completion of primary education was protective for men, with no further protection at increased educational levels. Further exploration of sex and gender risk differences in moderate-income countries may lead to improved efforts at risk reduction. Key messages Education level as a social determinant of health in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently with regards to the risk of stroke Understanding sex differences in the associations of socioeconomic status with stroke may lead to improved efforts at risk reduction of stroke in MICs. </jats:sec

Sex differences in the risk of coronary heart disease associated with socioeconomic status in Turkey

Abstract Background Studies in high-income countries have demonstrated that low SES status is associated with increased risk of CHD, with sex differences in the risk profiles. Recent evidence suggests that this association may differ in middle-income countries. Methods The database of the Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Survey In Turkey from 2013 and 2019 was used. Education level and employment status were chosen as proxy indicators for SES. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of SES on incident CHD controlled by age, settlement, behavioral and biological risk factors. Interaction terms were introduced to the Cox models to assess multiplicative interaction between sex and SES on the occurrence of stroke. Results The study included 13 975 participants (7 450 females (53.3%) and 6525 males (46.7%)). During 74.2±9.87 months of follow-up, 474 CHD cases occurred among females (10.28 cases per 1000 person-year) and 445 CHD cases occurred among males (11.05 cases per 1000 person-year). Incident CHD was not associated with education level among either sex. Retirement was associated with increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.31, 95%Cl: 1.18-1.66) among males. Both retirement (HR = 2.12, 95%Cl: 1.16-3.88) and unemployment (HR = 1.93, 95%Cl: 1.14-3.25) were associated with increased risk of CHD in females after adjustment for behavioral and biological risk factors. There was no multiplicative interaction between sex and employment status on the risk of CHD (p = 0.091). Conclusions This study of health outcomes in Turkey did not find sex differences in CVD in association with educational status but did show sex differences in association with employment status. This finding suggests that social determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently than in high-income countries. Key messages Social determinants in middle-income countries may affect men and women differently with regards to the risk of CHD than in high-income countries. Employment status can predict the risk of CHD in middle-income countries. </jats:sec

P-02-78 Androgene Deprivation Therapy Does Not Alter Cognitive Functions in Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Study of the Society of Urological Surgery Andrology Group

WOS: 000539164700216P-02-78 Androgene Deprivation Therap