Special edition on oral infections and microbiology

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Healthcare providers' perceptions of diversity and cultural competence

Swedish society is ethnically diverse and since the early 1960s immigrants have made significant contributions to the labour market in healthcare. Today many Swedes, including first- and second-generation immigrants, work together in a healthcare setting that serves an increasingly diverse population. Cultural competence is required of nurses, healthcare providers and healthcare organisations in order for them to provide quality service to culturally and ethnically diverse populations. The overall aim of the studies included in this licentiate thesis was to assess healthcare providers’ perceptions of diversity and cultural competence. The specific aim of Study I was to compare native Swedish and first- and second -generation immigrant healthcare providers’ perceptions of diversity in relation to equality and communication in elder care settings. Data used in this cross-sectional study on healthcare providers (n=643) were obtained using a Swedish questionnaire; Assessing Awareness and Acceptance of Diversity in Healthcare Institutions (AAAD). Factor analysis revealed five subscales within the areas of communication and equality. These subscales were tested for reliability before being used for data analysis. ANOVA testing compared differences between native Swedes and first- and second-generation immigrants. The results show that there are more similarities in the perceptions of communication and equality between native Swedes and second-generation immigrants than between first- and second-generation immigrants. The specific aim of Study II was to describe the translation, adaptation, and psychometric evaluation of a non-Swedish questionnaire, the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals-Revised (IAPCC-R). This instrument assesses five subscales: Cultural Desire, Cultural Awareness, Cultural Knowledge, Cultural Skill and Cultural Encounter. The evaluation process was guided by Gessinger´s structure for translation, validation, and reliability. After translation and adaptation with the help of a group of experts, validity tests were conducted by response test (n=15) and on the content (n=7) and internal structure and internal reliability (n=334). The tests revealed weak validity and reliability for the instrument, and additional item and factor analysis did not confirm the proposed structure. These problems might be related to the translation and adaptation or the structure of the instrument. The IAPCC-R was found to not be appropriate for use in a Swedish context

Najnovejše smeri razvoja urbane prenove v Budimpešti

V članku so orisani najnovejši družbeni procesi v središču Budimpešte, pri čemer se največ pozornosti posveča socialnemu trajnostnemu razvoju in gentrifikaciji, predstavljeni pa so tudi potencialni socialni konflikti na tem območju. Poleg tega so obravnavani najnovejše dogajanje na nepremičninskem trgu in območja gentrifikacije v središču mesta. V drugem delu so predstavljene smeri razvoja in mogoči dolgotrajni vplivi gradnje nepremičnin na preučevanem območju. Članek se konča z ugotovitvijo, da so lahko primeri gentrifikacije v središču Budimpešte opozorilni znak prihodnjega socialnega razseljevanja in socialne izključenosti

Predictors of oral health-related quality of life in patients following stroke

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In vivo physiological recording from the lateral line of juvenile zebrafish

Hair cells are sensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. The zebrafish lateral line is emerging as an excellent in vivo model for genetic and physiological analysis of hair cells and neurons. However, research has been limited to larval stages because zebrafish become protected from the time of independent feeding under European law (from 5.2 days post-fertilization, dpf, at 28.5°C). In larval zebrafish, the functional properties of hair cells, as well as those of other excitable cells, are still immature. We have developed an experimental protocol to record electrophysiological properties from hair cells of the lateral line in juvenile zebrafish. We found that the anaesthetic benzocaine at 50 mg l(-1) was an effective and safe anaesthetic to use on juvenile zebrafish. Concentrations up to 300 mg l(-1) did not affect the electrical properties or synaptic vesicle release of juvenile hair cells, unlike the commonly used anaesthetic MS-222, which reduces the size of basolateral membrane currents. Additionally, we implemented a method to maintain gill movement, and as such respiration and blood oxygenation, via the intubation of > 21 dpf zebrafish. The combination of benzocaine and intubation provides an experimental platform to investigate the physiology of mature hair cells from live zebrafish. More generally, this method would allow functional studies involving live imaging and electrophysiology from juvenile and adult zebrafish. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

What motivates academic dishonesty in students? A reinforcement sensitivity theory explanation

BACKGROUND: Academic dishonesty (AD) is an increasing challenge for universities worldwide. The rise of the Internet has further increased opportunities for students to cheat. AIMS: In this study, we investigate the role of personality traits defined within Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) as potential determinants of AD. RST defines behaviour as resulting from approach (Reward Interest/reactivity, goal-drive, and Impulsivity) and avoidance (behavioural inhibition and Fight-Flight-Freeze) motivations. We further consider the role of deep, surface, or achieving study motivations in mediating/moderating the relationship between personality and AD. SAMPLE: A sample of UK undergraduates (N = 240). METHOD: All participants completed the RST Personality Questionnaire, a short-form version of the study process questionnaire and a measure of engagement in AD, its perceived prevalence, and seriousness. RESULTS: Results showed that RST traits account for additional variance in AD. Mediation analysis suggested that GDP predicted dishonesty indirectly via a surface study approach while the indirect effect via deep study processes suggested dishonesty was not likely. Likelihood of engagement in AD was positively associated with personality traits reflecting Impulsivity and Fight-Flight-Freeze behaviours. Surface study motivation moderated the Impulsivity effect and achieving motivation the FFFS effect such that cheating was even more likely when high levels of these processes were used. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that motivational personality traits defined within RST can explain variance in the likelihood of engaging in dishonest academic behaviours

Effectiveness of a web-based health education program to promote oral hygiene care among stroke survivors: randomized controlled trial

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Salivary Anionic Changes after Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A 1-Year Prospective Study

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Oral health-related quality of life in patients with stroke: a randomized clinical trial of oral hygiene care during outpatient rehabilitation

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