Persepsi Wanita Berisiko Kanker Payudara Tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Background: Breast cancer is the main cause of death due to cancer at Semarang City. Breast cancer can be detected through breast self-examination. Perceptions about about benefit as well as perception about constraints of breast self-examination affect behavior of breast self-examination. This study is carried out to women with relatively high risk of having breast cancer.Objective: The study aimed to identify perception of women with risk of breast cancer about breast self-examination and identify relationship between that perception and behavior of breast self-examination.Methods: This was an analytical study with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 384 women with risk of breast cancer at 10 villages of Semarang City taken with multistage random sampling method. Data were obtained through questionnaire of perception and behavior of breast self-examination of respondents that had got ethical clearance from Ethical Commission Council of Gadjah Mada University. Data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression.Results: Only 52.3% of respondents had breast self-examination. As much as 25.2% had positive perception about the benefit of doing breast-self examination; and 70.1% had negative perception about constraints of breast self-examination. Variables of perception about benefit (p=0.022) and about constraints (p=0.015) had relationship with behavior of breast self-examination. The result of logistic regression test showed that variables that were significant were confounding variables, i.e. level of knowledge (p=0.037), education (p=0.009) and information about breast self-examination (p=0.000).Conclusion: Variables related to behavior of breast self-examination were confounding variables, i.e. level of knowledge, education, and information about breast self-examination

Analisa Persebaran Litologi Sandstone Pada Formasi Talang Akar Menggunakan Inversi Extended Elastic Impedance (Eei) Di Lapangan Cilamaya, Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara

Extended Elastic Impedance (EEI) inversion method has been used to analyze sandstone lithology distribution of Talang Akar Formation in Cilamaya Field, North West Java Basin. The target zone was Z2230 layer which located in Talang Akar Formation with litologies of sandstone and shale. Sensitivity analysis showed that gamma-ray and density are sensitive to discriminate the type of lithologies in Z2230 target layer. EEI(58) could simulate gamma-ray and EEI(12) could simulate density with respectively 0,397 and 0,613 correlation values. EEI(12) inversion result showed sandstone lithology distribution in Z2230 layer with 8800 to 9800 . Sandstone lithology distribution concentrated in northwest–southeast of study area. There was hydrocarbon prospect area in north of well OTR-10

Global multidimensional poverty index 2025 – overlapping hardships: poverty and climate hazards

The 2025 global MPI report Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards is produced in partnership with OPHI and the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report Office (UNDP HDRO). The report overlays data on climate hazards and multidimensional poverty for the first time to assess how exposed poor people are to climate challenges. Section 1 summarises findings from the latest calculation of the global MPI. Section 2 considers the close links between poverty and climate hazards. It probes four hazards: high heat, drought, floods and air pollution. The analysis demonstrates that applying a poverty lens in environmental analysis and vice versa will become increasingly important to help understand where people are suffering the most, where the planet is under the greatest strain, and where these crises overlap

Persepsi Wanita Berisiko Kanker Payudara tentang Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Background: Breast cancer is the main cause of death due to cancer at Semarang City. Breast cancer can be detected through breast self-examination. Perceptions about about benefit as well as perception about constraints of breast self-examination affect behavior of breast self-examination. This study is carried out to women with relatively high risk of having breast cancer.Objective: The study aimed to identify perception of women with risk of breast cancer about breast self-examination and identify relationship between that perception and behavior of breast self-examination.Methods: This was an analytical study with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 384 women with risk of breast cancer at 10 villages of Semarang City taken with multistage random sampling method. Data were obtained through questionnaire of perception and behavior of breast self-examination of respondents  that had got ethical clearance from Ethical Commission Council of Gadjah Mada University. Data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression.Results: Only 52.3% of respondents had breast self-examination. As much as 25.2% had positive perception about the benefit of doing breast-self examination; and 70.1% had negative perception about constraints of breast self-examination. Variables of perception about benefit  (p=0.022) and about constraints (p=0.015) had relationship with behavior of breast self-examination. The result of logistic regression test showed that variables that were significant were confounding variables, i.e. level of knowledge (p=0.037), education (p=0.009) and information about breast self-examination (p=0.000).Conclusion: Variables related to behavior of breast self-examination were confounding variables, i.e. level of knowledge, education, and information about breast  self-examination.Keywords: breast cancer, perception, breast self-examinatio

Poor Children in Rich Households and Vice Versa: A Blurred Picture or Hidden Realities?

An expanding evidence base suggests that children experiencing monetary and multidimensional poverty are not the same. This article breaks new ground by providing a unique mixed methods investigation of drivers of child poverty mismatch in Ethiopia and Vietnam, considering the role of measurement error and individualistic and structural factors. The analysis capitalises on large-scale secondary quantitative panel data and combines this with purposively collected primary qualitative data in both countries. It finds that factors at the household and structural level can mediate the effects of monetary poverty in terms of multidimensional poverty and vice versa, but that the size and sign of these effects are specific to place and time. The policy mix aiming to reduce all forms of child poverty need to be targeted on the basis of a multidimensional assessment of poverty and reflect the complex and contextspecific interactions between determinants of child poverty

Small-scale commodity frontiers:The bioeconomy value chain of castor oil in Madagascar

The European Commission defines the bioeconomy as a “transition economy which seeks to increase efficiency, optimize use and decrease environmental impact through the reduction of waste and greenhouse gas emissions.” However, attempts to substitute or control nature through efficient bio-based technology have not lived up to expectations and much of the industry still relies on globally sourced biomass to drive the bioeconomy. This article examines the social and political economic relations surrounding small-scale production of the feedstock castor oil plant (castor, Ricinus communis) in the deep south of Madagascar. Theorizing the bioeconomy through the lens of a “small-scale commodity frontier,” it builds from recent injunctions by Jason Moore to show how the appropriation of cheap nature (including paid and unpaid labour) is both historically and geographically co-produced. The castor value chain is held up as a way to transform regional economies and a “silver bullet” to alleviate poverty and address food security in some of the most economically marginal areas of Madagascar. We adopt a regional and feminist political ecology approach to illustrate what is behind this discursive cloak of “development imaginaries,” making visible the social relations surrounding castor production and demonstrating the historical marginalization involved in producing the frontier

DASAR PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM MENJATUHKAN PIDANA PENJARA SEBAGAI PENGGANTI PIDANA GANTI RUGI TAMBAHAN (PEMBAYARAN UANG PENGGANTI) TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

Ophi Elza, Abdul Madjid, Milda Istiqomah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya Jl. MT.Haryono No. 169 Malang e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena adanya disparitas putusan pengadilan mengenai besaran pidana penjara pengganti terhadap pidana tambahan berupa denda pembayaran uang pengganti karena tidak adanya aturan lebih lanjut mengenai hal tersebut. oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan tindakan lebih lanjut mengenai ketimpangan/disparitas putusan pengadilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui penyebab perbedaan lamanya pidana penjara pengganti pengganti dalam putusan perkara tindak pidana korupsi dan Untuk mengetahui pengaturan di masa depan terkait konsistensi penjatuhan pidana penjara pengganti dalam tindak pidana korupsi. Dalam Pasal 18 ayat (3) mengatakan jika terdakwa tidak mempunyai harta benda untuk membayar uang pengganti maka dipidana penjara yang tidak melebihi ancaman pidana pokoknya. Aturan tersebut tidak menjelaskan minimum pidana penjara yang harus ditetapkan kepada terdakwa. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah jenis penelitian normatif dengan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan (Comparative approach), pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang mencakup peraturan perundang-undangan, jurnal, Pendapat ahli, hingga penelitian-penelitian terkait yang digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam melakukan penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisis beberapa putusan terdapat  ketimpangan/disparitas dalam putusan pengadilan. Maka dari itu diperlukan perubahan dan/atau penyempurnaan kebijakan  mengenai ketimpangan/disparitas pemidanaan perkara tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia, Perubahan dan/atau penyempurnaan kebijakan dalam penanganan tindak pidana korupsi tersebut sekiranya dapat diajukan ke Mahkamah Agung untuk mengeluarkan Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung (SEMA). Kata Kunci: Pidana, Korupsi, Pengganti, Penjara   ABSTRACT This research departs from the disparity in court decisions regarding the weight of jail sentence as to replace a fine paid as vicarious money due to the absence of further laws regarding this matter. Thus, further steps are required to resolve this disparity. This research aims to find out the different lengths of a substitute jail sentence in the case of a corruption crime and to find out the laws regarding the consistency of a substitute jail sentence in corruption crime in the time to come. Article 18 Paragraph (3) implies that a jail sentence may be imposed not exceeding the main criminal punishment unless a defendant has a particular amount of money to pay as a substitute for incarceration. However, this rule does not explain further the minimum jail sentence imposed on a defendant. This research employed normative-juridical methods and comparative, statutory, and case approaches. The primary and secondary data were obtained from laws, journals, experts’ notions, and related research papers as references. Considering that there are still disparities in the court decisions, improvement of policies needs to be taken into account following disparities in jail sentencing proportions, and these changes for improvement could be submitted to the Supreme Court for the issuance of the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA). Keywords: criminal, corruption, substitute,

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Ibu tentang Penggunaan Pewarna Makanan dengan Keracunan Makanan pada Anak di Kelurahan Penggaron Lor Semarang

Household and school are the two most frequent sites in which food poisoning outbreak starts. This may be influenced by the lack of mother’s knowledge about the danger of synthetic food colorants for health. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the knowledge, attitude, and practice on food colorants among mothers and the incidence of headache and diarrhea as signs of food poisoning in their elementary school children in Penggaron Lor Village. This study was an cross sectional observational analytic study with involving 70 mothers whose children are IV, V and VI grade students . Data on knowledge, attitude, and practice on food collorants and the incident of headache or diarrhea were collected using a questionnaire on January–May 2014. The chi-square test results showed that the incidence of headache or diarrhea in children was not related to the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and behavior on food colorants (p>0.05). In conclusion, the rise of the incidence of diarrhea or headache in children is not only caused by the mother’s lack of knowledge, attitude, and practice on food colorants but also other factors, i.e food flavor, borax, formalin, or processing errors. [MKB. 2016;48(4):187–93