Joint Research Centre 2017 light-duty vehicles emissions testing

This report summarises the results of the pilot study on the market surveillance of light-duty vehicles. The emission performance and the CO2 emissions of 15 vehicles are presented. The methodology for vehicle compliance checks defined in the Guidance note published by the European Commission was applied and discussed.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

On-road emissions and energy efficiency assessment of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

In order to assess potential benefits brought by the electrification of transport it becomes more and more important to evaluate the performance of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in real-driving conditions, measuring on-road air pollutant emissions and energy efficiency. The present report describes a portable system used at JRC for e-measurements in hybrid and electric vehicles, as an upgrade of the classic PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System). Preliminary results of a test campaign conducted on a Euro-6 Plug-in Hybrid Passenger Car (PHEV) equipped with a Flywheel Alternator Starter (FAS) are reported. The influence of different driving modes as well as of different initial battery state of charge on CO2 and NOx emissions and energy consumption has been evaluated.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable Transpor

Electric and hybrid vehicle testing: BMWi3 performance assessment in realistic use scenarios

A plug-in electric vehicle with range extender was tested at ambient temperatures varying between -30°C and 50°C. The objective was to assess energy efficiency variability depending on use conditions. The test campaign was performed in the framework of the transatlantic collaboration between the United States' Department of Energy (Argonne National Laboratory) and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Impact of different driving cycles and operating conditions on CO2 emissions and energy management strategies of a Euro-6 hybrid electric vehicle

Although Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) represent one of the key technologies to reduce CO2 emissions, their effective potential in real world driving conditions strongly depends on the performance of their Energy Management System (EMS) and on its capability to maximize the efficiency of the powertrain in real life as well as during Type Approval (TA) tests. Attempting to close the gap between TA and real world CO2 emissions, the European Commission has decided to introduce from September 2017 theWorldwide Harmonized Light duty Test Procedure (WLTP), replacing the previous procedure based on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The aim of this work is the analysis of the impact of different driving cycles and operating conditions on CO2 emissions and on energy management strategies of a Euro-6 HEV through the limited number of information available from the chassis dyno tests. The vehicle was tested considering different initial battery State of Charge (SOC), ranging from 40% to 65%, and engine coolant temperatures, from 7 C to 70 C. The change of test conditions from NEDC to WLTP was shown to lead to a significant reduction of the electric drive and to about a 30% increase of CO2 emissions. However, since the specific energy demand of WLTP is about 50% higher than that of NEDC, these results demonstrate that the EMS strategies of the tested vehicle can achieve, in test conditions closer to real life, even higher efficiency levels than those that are currently evaluated on the NEDC, and prove the effectiveness of HEV technology to reduce CO2 emissions

European market surveillance of motor vehicles

This report presents the results for the work conducted by the JRC as European Commission contribution to the market surveillance and regards emissions from motor vehicles in 2022. Primarily targeted towards the bodies acting in the EU market surveillance, it presents emissions test results and compliance findings. This document also discusses lessons learned during the application of testing procedures, with a view to share best practices with the participating authorities and potentially, to draw the path towards future policy updates. The document is structured in three main chapters: the requirements set by Regulations and methodologies for their verification (Part A), the test results and compliance outcome of the activities conducted by the Commission (Part B) and an overview of the main findings (Part C). Part A focuses on the requirements to be fulfilled by the vehicles and provides the main elements, further details being available in the regulatory texts. For some requirements, the verification cannot be made using type-approval procedures. Ad-hoc procedures are proposed and are likely to be revised making use of the experience gained. Part B presents the emissions test results and compliance findings for the individual vehicles analysed by the JRC during the year 2022. Part C is a summary of the findings and a tentative to draw recommendations from the lessons learned, with a view to identifying the most critical items and to improving the efficiency of the whole market surveillance testing process.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobilit

Joint Research Centre 2019 Light-Duty Vehicles emissions testing

This report summarises the results of the 2019 pilot study on the market surveillance of light-duty motor vehicles tailpipe emissions. Environmental pollutant emissions performances and CO2 emissions of thirty-five light-duty vehicles are presented. A new methodology for Euro 6d-TEMP and Euro 6d vehicle compliance checks is presented, applied and discussed.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable Transpor

European market surveillance of motor vehicles

This report presents the results for the work conducted by the JRC as European Commission contribution to the first year of market surveillance and regarding emissions from motor vehicles. The document is structured in three main chapters: the requirements and methodologies for their verification (Part A), the test results and compliance outcome for the activities conducted by the Commission (Part B) and an overview of the main findings (Part C). Part A focuses on the requirements to be fulfilled by the vehicles and provides the main elements, further details being available in the regulatory texts. For some requirements, the verification cannot be made using the type approval procedure (e.g. durability, OBD). In such a case, ad-hoc procedures are proposed and are likely to be revised on a yearly basis making use of the experience gained. Part B presents the emissions test results and compliance findings for the individual vehicles analysed by the JRC during the last year. Part C is a summary of the findings and a tentative to draw recommendations from the lessons learnt, with a view to identifying the most critical items (e.g. which requirements have the highest risk not to be fulfilled) and to improving the efficiency of the whole process.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable Transpor

Joint Research Centre 2018 light-duty vehicles emissions testing

This report presents the activities of the JRC on tailpipe emissions compliance assessment of light-duty vehicles conducted throughout 2018. Criteria pollutant and CO2 emissions of 19 vehicles were measured in the laboratory and on the road in a wide range of driving conditions. Distance-specific emissions for individual vehicles and per vehicle technologies and standards are presented. The methodology for emissions compliance defined in the Guidance on the evaluation of Auxiliary Emission Strategies and the presence of Defeat Devices with regard to the application of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) was applied and discussed.JRC.C.4-Sustainable Transpor

Experimental comparison of hub- and roller-type chassis dynamometers for vehicle exhaust emissions

The emissions of vehicles are measured in laboratories with roller-type chassis dynamometers, which simulate the road driving resistances. Hub-coupled dynamometers, which are not included in the regulations for emission measurements, are commonly used for research and development purposes, for example to assess powertrain capabilities, simulate on-road trips, and calibrate indi-vidual wheels’ control. As they do not need particular infrastructure, and offer a wider range of applications, they could be a more economical alternative, especially if they could also be used for emission measurements for type approval of vehicles. Nevertheless, the two types have not been directly compared in the literature and thus their equivalency especially for emission measure-ments is not known. In this study the emissions of a Diesel and a gasoline plug-in vehicle were compared using the same analytical equipment and switching only the roller and hub dynamometers. The Diesel vehicle was further tested at second roller-type dynamometer with the same and a second driver. The results of the two dynamometer types were very close, even though the repeatability of the measurements was very narrow. The main message of this work is that the hub-type dynamometers can be used interchangeably with the roller-type dynamometers. Points that need to be addressed, such as determination of dynamic wheel radius and tire slip level are also discussed.JRC.C.4 - Sustainable Transpor