Semiclassical stability analysis of a two-photon laser including spatial variation of the cavity field

We investigate the dynamics of a two-photon laser under conditions where the spatial variation of the cavity field along the cavity axis is important. Main attention is paid to linear stability analysis and numerical investigation of a two-photon laser for the Maxwell-Bloch equations. The model assumes pumping to the upper state of the two-photon transition. We consider the Maxwell-Bloch equations on the basis of which we study the stability analysis of the steady state of the system. The system is taken to be contained in a ring-laser cavity. Asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue and analytic information are obtained in some realistic limits, such as very large reflectivity, very small cavity losses, or very small population relaxation rate. The results are illustrated with an application to a specific atomic system (Potassium) as an amplifying medium.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Reactive Public Relations Strategies for Managing Fake News in the Online Environment

The aim of this conceptual paper is to discuss the issue of managing fake news in the online environment, from an organizational perspective, by using reactive PR strategies. First, we critically discuss the most important definitions of the umbrella term fake news, in the so-called post-truth era, in order to emphasize different challenges in conceptualizing this elusive social phenomenon. Second, employing some valuable contribution from literature, we present and illustrate with vivid examples 10 categories of fake news. Each type of fake news is discussed in the context of organizational communication. Based on existent literature, we propose a 3D conceptual model of fake news, in an organizational context. Furthermore, we consider that PR managers can use either reactive PR strategies to counteract online fake news regarding an organization, or communication stratagems to temporarily transform the organization served into a potential source of fake news. The existing typology of reactive public relations strategies from the literature allow us to discuss the challenge of using them in counteracting online fake news. Each reactive PR strategy can be a potential solution to respond to different types of online fake news. Although these possibilities seem to be extensive, in some cases, PR managers can find them ineffective. In our view, this cluster of reactive PR strategies is not a panacea for managing fake news in the online environment and different strategic approaches may be need, such as communication stratagems. In this context, communication stratagems consist in using organization as a source or as a vector for strategic creation and dissemination of online fake news, for the benefit of the organization. We conclude that within online environment PR managers can employ a variety of reactive PR strategies to counteract fake news, or different communication stratagems to achieve organizational goals

Diversification using assortment of local varieties of red wines

The assortment of winesproduced in Moldova iscurrently dominated by cosmopolitan varieties, mainly of the French. Global wine market study hasshownthat consumers are more attracted to wine-surprise, unknown. In this context many countrie shave resorted to valorisation of indigenous varieties and new varieties of selection. Since ancient times an assortment of vine varieties adapted to local conditions has been created in Moldova. Unfortunately, in the the 40's and 50's of last century, whith the collectivization was emphasized on European varieties spreading, local varieties being forgotten. Takinginto account all mentioned, research of 13 local red varieties for industrial purposes have started. In terms of microvinification according to classical technology, experimental wines were produced, the organoleptic, physico-chemical composition, including content phenolic compounds and anthocyanins profile were determined. Methods for analysis recommended by the OIV were used and the profile of anthocyanins in wine samples studied using high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) was determined. The research results showed that the dry red wines made from indigenous varieties are distinguished by different content in phenolic substances and anthocyanins. On the researche basis 4 grape varieties (Feteascæa neagræa, Rara neagræa, Negru de Cæauðseni and Codrinschi) for quality dry red wines producin gwere recommended