Ebenen : eine Skizze

Ohne dass es tatsächlich notwendig wäre, kann die Frage gestellt werden, warum man es macht: Warum man wissenschaftlich tut – schreibt, spricht, arbeitet. Keine oder nicht nur Romane, Gedichte oder Theaterstücke schreibt, Berichte, Kritiken, feuilletonistische Essays verfasst. Nicht oder nicht nur moderiert, unterhält, Witze erzählt, lügt und verkauft. Nicht oder nicht nur einer geregelten Arbeit nachgeht mit geregelten Arbeitszeiten. Mit klaren Grenzen zwischen Arbeits- und Frei-Zeit. Warum man es sich antut, die gesamte Zeit damit zu verbringen, auch wenn man einen Großteil dieser Zeit nichts oder etwas anderes tut, wenn ein großer Teil dieser Zeit immer wieder, im Sinne eines nachweisbaren oder vorzeigbaren Ergebnisses, ergebnislos vergeht. Warum man mitunter am intensivsten daran arbeitet, die wesentliche Kontinuität des wissenschaftlichen Lebens als jene des Nichts-Tuns zu begreifen, mit dem Nicht-Tun-Können oder -Wollen zurecht zu kommen. Mit der fixen Idee, man sei damit allein, die Ausnahme der Regel, die uns im Kantschen Ideal vom metronomisch Arbeitenden als Vorbild vorgegeben ist. Nie, als impliziter Aspekt des kontinuierlichen Nichts-Tuns, werden die Dinge ohne Gewaltakt fertig. Was nicht heißt, dass es sie nicht gäbe, die Pünktlichen, Korrekten, Disziplinierten, die immer schon (vorzeitig) Fertigen

Im ewigen Loch literarischer Texterfahrung : der disjunktive Erfahrungsraum wörtlich

Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen sind zwei Texte, für die auch motivisch eine enge Gebundenheit von Ort und Raum ästhetischer Erfahrung an die ästhetische Struktur des Textes angenommen werden kann. Es ist dies einmal Nikolaj Gogol’s 1842 erschienene Novelle "Der Mantel" (russ. Šinel’) und zum anderen Thomas Bernhards Erzählung "Gehen", 1971. In einem ersten Schritt geht es darum, die These der engen Bindung zwischen der Motivik der Löcher im Stoff, i.e. in den Stoffen der Vestiments und der ästhetischen Struktur der Texte zu verifizieren. Die auffällige Bindung der skizzierten ‚Stoffstruktur’ an die ästhetische Struktur in beiden Texten mit dem Transsemiotischen, dem Transmentalen wird dann in einem weiteren Schritt bei Gogol’s Text über eine Relektüre des phantastischen zweiten Teils der Novelle, bei Bernhard übere einen Nachvollzug der sich im literarischen Text manifestierenden Struktur der Psychose näher untersucht

Auf dem Weg zur professionellen Lehrkraft – Reflexion im Portfolio

Im PAradigma-Heft von 2011/2012 wurde das Portfolio als Lehr-, Lern-, Beurteilungs- und Reflexionsinstrument der Passauer Grundschullehrerinnen- und Grundschullehrerbildung vorgestellt. Seit dem Sommersemester 2014 liegt der Fokus der Weiterentwicklung des Konzepts insbesondere auf Maßnahmen zur Unterstützung der Studierenden bei der Reflexion. Der Beitrag beschreibt, wie im Portfolio der Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung der Reflexionskompetenz als zentraler Bestandteil pädagogischer Professionalität unterstützt werden kann. Nach der Darstellung theoretischer Grundlagen werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie individuelle Lernwege, Einstellungen und Haltungen bewusst gemacht und von den Studierenden beschrieben werden können. 2015 wurden diese Hilfen erstmals in Seminaren und im Portfoliokonzept implementiert. Abschließend zeigt der Beitrag erste Rückmeldungen von den Studierenden zu den entwickelten Unterstützungsangeboten

Housing the Poor

This book analyses in detail half a century of international discussions on housing, slums and informal settlements, identifies policy phases (self-help, enabling) and discusses pros and cons of applied measures globally and in the context of Indonesia. It contributes to a better understanding of interlinkages between urban governance and housing policies by employing the analytical framework of policy arrangements, and by developing a normative compass based on Henri Lefebvre’s right to the city. Empirically, it examines and compares housing strategies (social housing, resettlements, slum upgrading) and modes of governance in two case studies, the Indonesian cities Surabaya and Surakarta

Use of a Semi-field System to Evaluate the Efficacy of Topical Repellents under user Conditions Provides a Disease Exposure free Technique Comparable with Field Data.

Before topical repellents can be employed as interventions against arthropod bites, their efficacy must be established. Currently, laboratory or field tests, using human volunteers, are the main methods used for assessing the efficacy of topical repellents. However, laboratory tests are not representative of real life conditions under which repellents are used and field-testing potentially exposes human volunteers to disease. There is, therefore, a need to develop methods to test efficacy of repellents under real life conditions while minimizing volunteer exposure to disease. A lotion-based, 15% N, N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) repellent and 15% DEET in ethanol were compared to a placebo lotion in a 200 sq m (10 m x 20 m) semi-field system (SFS) against laboratory-reared Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes and in full field settings against wild malaria vectors and nuisance-biting mosquitoes. The average percentage protection against biting mosquitoes over four hours in the SFS and field setting was determined. A Poisson regression model was then used to determine relative risk of being bitten when wearing either of these repellents compared to the placebo. Average percentage protection of the lotion-based 15% DEET repellent after four hours of mosquito collection was 82.13% (95% CI 75.94-88.82) in the semi-field experiments and 85.10% (95% CI 78.97-91.70) in the field experiments. Average percentage protection of 15% DEET in ethanol after four hours was 71.29% (CI 61.77-82.28) in the semi-field system and 88.24% (84.45-92.20) in the field. Semi-field evaluation results were comparable to full-field evaluations, indicating that such systems could be satisfactorily used in measuring efficacy of topically applied mosquito repellents, thereby avoiding risks of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens, associated with field testing

Family History of Exceptional Longevity Is Associated with Lower Serum Uric Acid Levels in A shkenazi J ews

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91205/1/jgs3902.pd

Risk Factors for Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Cats

BACKGROUND: Identification of risk factors for development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats may aid in its earlier detection. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of clinical and questionnaire data will identify risk factors for development of azotemic CKD in cats. ANIMALS: One hundred and forty‐eight client‐owned geriatric (>9 years) cats. METHODS: Cats were recruited into the study and followed longitudinally for a variable time. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their pet at enrollment. Additional data regarding dental disease were obtained when available by development of a dental categorization system. Variables were explored in univariable and multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS: In the final multivariable Cox regression model, annual/frequent vaccination (P value, .003; hazard ratio, 5.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.83–17.64), moderate dental disease (P value, .008; hazard ratio, 13.83; 95% confidence interval, 2.01–94.99), and severe dental disease (P value, .001; hazard ratio, 35.35; 95% confidence interval, 4.31–289.73) predicted development of azotemic CKD. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests independent associations between both vaccination frequency and severity of dental disease and development of CKD. Further studies to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of renal injury for these risk factors are warranted

Parallel implementation of the non-smooth contact dynamics method for large particle systems

In numerous industrial applications there is the need to realistically model granular material. For instance, simulating the interaction of vehicles and tools with soil is of great importance for the design of earth moving machinery. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has been successfully applied to this task [1, 2]. Large scale problems require a lot of computational resources. Hence, for the application in the industrial engineering process, the computational effort is an issue. In DEM parallelization is straight forward, since each contact between adjacent particles is resolved locally without regard of the other contacts. However, modelling a contact as a stiff spring imposes strong limitations on the time step size to maintain a stable simulation. The Non–Smooth Contact Dynamics Method (NSCD), on the other hand, models contacts globally as a set of inequality constraints on a system of perfectly rigid bodies [3]. At the end of every time step, all inequality constraints must be satisfied simultaneously, which can be achieved by solving a complementarity problem. This leads to a numerically stable method that is robust with respect to much larger time steps in comparison to DEM. Since a global problem must be solved, parallelization now strongly depends on the numerical solver that is used for the complementarity problem. We present our first massively parallel implementation of NSCD based on the projected Gauß-Jacobi (PGJ) iterative scheme presented in [4]. Focusing on one-sided asynchronous communication patterns with double buffering for data exchange, global synchronizations can be avoided. Only weak synchronization due to data dependencies of neighboring domains remains. The implementation is based on the Global address space Programming Interface (GPI), supplemented by the Multi Core Threading Package (MCTP) [5] on the processor level. This allows to efficiently overlap calculation and communication between processors

Comorbidities in patients with gout prior to and following diagnosis: case-control study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the burden of comorbidities in patients with gout at diagnosis and the risk of developing new comorbidities post diagnosis. METHODS: There were 39 111 patients with incident gout and 39 111 matched controls identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Data-link. The risk of comorbidity before (ORs) and after the diagnosis of gout (HRs) were estimated, adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis year, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Gout was associated with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 1.39 (1.34 to 1.45), 1.89 (1.76 to 2.03) and 2.51 (2.19 to 2.86) for the Charlson index of 1-2, 3-4 and >/=5, respectively. Cardiovascular and genitourinary diseases, in addition to hyperlipidaemia, hypothyroidism, anaemia, psoriasis, chronic pulmonary diseases, osteoarthritis and depression, were associated with a higher risk for gout. Gout was also associated with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 1.41 (1.34 to 1.48) for having a Charlson index >/=1. Median time to first comorbidity was 43 months in cases and 111 months in controls. Risks for incident comorbidity were higher in cardiovascular, genitourinary, metabolic/endocrine and musculoskeletal diseases, in addition to liver diseases, hemiplegia, depression, anaemia and psoriasis in patients with gout. After additionally adjusting for all comorbidities at diagnosis, gout was associated with a HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality of 1.13 (1.08 to 1.18; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients with gout have worse pre-existing health status at diagnosis and the risk of incident comorbidity continues to rise following diagnosis. The range of associated comorbidities is broader than previously recognised and merits further evaluation

A discrete element model for cohesive soil

Soil can roughly be classified into cohesionless, cohesive, and cemented soil. In this contribution, a discrete element model for the simulation of cohesive soil is presented. It is based on a model for cohesionless material with spherical particles, normal repulsive and frictional contacts, as well as rolling resistance with an elastic limit to compensate the excessive particle rolling. The cohesive behavior is modeled by an additional attractive normal force between particles. The model is not derived from the microscopic origin of cohesion, such as liquid bridges or electrostatic forces. Instead, it is set up in analogy to the macroscopic shear failure characteristics of cohesive soil. It is observed in video inspections of a bulldozer blade operating in cohesive soil that after the cutting takes place the soil recovers more of its initial cohesion in areas of high compression. In areas away from the blade, the material behaves more like cohesionless soil, forming an angle of response. This behavior is reproduced by introducing a memory effect in the simulation. By that, the amount of cohesion is limited by the pressure that the contacting particles have experienced during the simulation. The discrete element model is shown to be scale invariant in the quasi-static regime, i.e. if all length scales of the model are scaled by a constant factor, the results remain unaffected by the scaling. The model is applied to a bulldozer blade pushing cohesive soil. The contact parameters are calibrated by simulated triaxial compression tests. A comparison between simulation and measurement shows good qualitative agreement