Exciton-relaxation dynamics in lead halides

We survey recent comprehensive studies of exciton relaxation in the crystals of lead halides. The luminescence and electron-spin-resonance studies have revealed that excitons in lead bromide spontaneously dissociate and both electrons and holes get self-trapped individually. Similar relaxation has been also clarified in lead chloride. The electron-hole separation is ascribed to repulsive correlation via acoustic phonons. Besides, on the basis of the temperature profiles of self-trapped states, we discuss the origin of luminescence components which are mainly induced under one-photon excitation into the exciton band in lead fluoride, lead chloride, and lead bromide.Comment: REVTeX, 5 pages, 5 figure

Self-trapped states and the related luminescence in PbCl2_2 crystals

We have comprehensively investigated localized states of photoinduced electron-hole pairs with electron-spin-resonance technique and photoluminescence (PL) in a wide temperature range of 5-200 K. At low temperatures below 70 K, holes localize on Pb$^{2+}$ ions and form self-trapping hole centers of Pb$^{3+}$. The holes transfer to other trapping centers above 70 K. On the other hand, electrons localize on two Pb$^{2+}$ ions at higher than 50 K and form self-trapping electron centers of Pb$_2$$^{3+}$. From the thermal stability of the localized states and PL, we clarify that blue-green PL band at 2.50 eV is closely related to the self-trapped holes.Comment: 8 pages (10 figures), ReVTEX; removal of one figure, Fig. 3 in the version

Self-trapped electrons and holes in PbBr2_2 crystals

We have directly observed self-trapped electrons and holes in PbBr$_{2}$ crystals with electron-spin-resonance (ESR) technique. The self-trapped states are induced below 8 K by two-photon interband excitation with pulsed 120-fs-width laser light at 3.10 eV. Spin-Hamiltonian analyses of the ESR signals have revealed that the self-trapping electron centers are the dimer molecules of Pb$_2$$^{3+}$ along the crystallographic a axis and the self-trapping hole centers are those of Br$_2$$^-$ with two possible configurations in the unit cell of the crystal. Thermal stability of the self-trapped electrons and holes suggests that both of them are related to the blue-green luminescence band at 2.55 eV coming from recombination of spatially separated electron-hole pairs.Comment: 8 pages (7 figures, 2 tables), ReVTEX; revised the text and figures 1, 4, and

Generation of lentivirus-induced dendritic cells under GMP-compliant conditions for adaptive immune reconstitution against cytomegalovirus after stem cell transplantation

Figure S1. Feasibility of cryopreservation. (A) Tricistronic IDLV encoding for hGM-CSF, hIFN-α and CMV-pp65 protein used to generate SmyleDCpp65. (B) Scheme of SmyleDCpp65 generation. Monocytes were isolated by MACS selection, pre-conditioned with cytokines for 8 h, and transduced with IDLV-G2α2pp65 for 16 h. After transduction, cells were harvested and cryopreserved at 2x106 cells/mL/vial. Cells were analyzed immediately after thaw (AT) or cultured in medium without exogenous cytokines for 7 days. (C) Viability (7AADneg) and identity (CD14 + expression level) of cell product (AT). (D) Total IDLV copy numbers detected by RT-q-PCR in the transduced cell groups AT and after 7 days in culture. (E) pp65 expression in SmyleDCpp65 (CD14neg, CD11cbright) after 7 days of in vitro culture. (F) Viability, down regulation of monocyte marker (CD14), identity (CD11cbright and HLA-DR) and functional markers (CD86 and CD80) expressed in SmyleDCpp65 7 days after in vitro culture

Patient Journey Value Mapping: Illustrating values and experiences along the patient journey to support eHealth design

This paper introduces patient journey value mapping - an approach to capture experiences, emotions and values implicated in patients' care delivery. As patients’ values (i.e., what's important to them in their lives) may change along their patient journeys, our approach aims to support designers to respond to patients' changing needs in the (re)design of eHealth, by mapping patients' values and their prioritisations over time. To substantiate the creation of the map, we propose two preceding data collection phases comprising complementary empirical methods. First, important care-related events and associated values are collected retrospectively through interviews, and in-situ through diary studies. Subsequently, the data are analysed to develop materials to elicit values and value tensions through deepening discussions in an interactive workshop based on which the maps are finalised. The approach is illustrated through discussions and reflections on its application in a case study investigating patient values in eHealth for rehabilitation care."https://dl.acm.org/doi/"&R

A Framework for Stakeholder Involvement in eHealth Action Research

The involvement of stakeholder groups, like patients or healthcare professionals, is highly valued in eHealth Action Research (AR) projects because it ensures a match between the project outcomes and the needs of the target group. However, few best practices or advices are available and no overview exists that describes the process of active involvement of stakeholders in the context of eHealth. Therefore, this paper presents the development of a framework for active stakeholder involvement in eHealth AR. The framework was developed based on several studies on stakeholder involvement in a project, as well as existing literature. To evaluate the framework, interviews were conducted with eight participants, who were either experts from the field or researchers currently working in practice in eHealth AR projects. Based on the suggestions made during the interviews, the framework was adjusted. The final version of the framework consists of 9 sections with a total of 56 questions, as well as material for additional reading. This framework can help researchers, especially those who are relatively new to AR and stakeholder involvement, shape their research process. A next step would be to further investigate how to operationalise the framework, for example in project meetings with stakeholders, and then, evaluate the framework in practice by implementation into an AR project from start to finish.</p

Leo Kestenberg und die große Sehnsucht nach einer musikpädagogischen Identifikationsfigur

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Flow-test device fits into restricted access passages

Test device using a mandrel with a collapsible linkage assembly enables a fluid flow sensor to be properly positioned in a restricted passage by external manipulation. This device is applicable to the combustion chamber of a rocket motor