45 research outputs found
Statistical and wavelet analysis of density and magnetic susceptibility data from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
Johannesburg, 2015The Bushveld Complex (BC) is the largest known layered intrusion. This suite of rock crop out in northern South Africa to form the Western, Eastern and Northern Limbs. Most research carried out focuses on the mineralized horizons in the Rustenburg Layered Suite (RLS) of the BC. This study presents a large database of wireline geophysical logs across a substantive part of the stratigraphy of the RLS. These consist of density and magnetic susceptibility datasets sampled at 1 cm. The major lithologies of the RLS intersected in the boreholes presented are gabbro, gabbronorite, norite and anorthosite whose density histograms reveal that they are predominantly normally distributed, with density averages of 2.86-2.91 g/cm3. The lithologies consist of mainly two minerals, pyroxene and plagioclase. In general, the average density increases with an increase in pyroxene. The distribution of the magnetic susceptibility for these lithologies has a large variation from SI to 13.2 SI, which is typical of layered intrusions. Susceptibility distributions are also multi-modal, asymmetric and not normally distributed, which makes the average magnetic susceptibilities less representative of the lithologies.
Cross-correlation plots between density and magnetic susceptibility for several boreholes show that the above-mentioned lithologies form clusters (circular to elliptical), which typically overlap. This has been further investigated using k-means classification, to automatically detect these clusters in the cross-correlation plots and to compare these with those created by lithologies. The comparison shows some degree of correlation, implying that physical properties can be used to identify lithologies. This is particularly true for the Eastern Limb. However the classification has not been effective in all of the boreholes and often becomes complicated and an inaccurate representation of lithology log. This occurs in boreholes in which there is an overlap in the physical properties of the abovementioned lithologies.
Analysis on the density and magnetic susceptibility data has also been carried out using wavelet analysis at individual locations across the BC. This has revealed multi-scale cyclicity in all of the boreholes studied, which is attributed to subtle layering created by variations in modal proportions between plagioclase and pyroxene. In addition to this, since layering is generally ubiquitous across layered intrusions, this cyclicity can be assumed to be present across the entire BC. This technique may become increasingly important should the cyclicity in physical property data correlate with reversals in fractionation trends since this may suggest zones of magma addition, whose thickness or
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volumes can be quantified using wavelet analysis. This could be an important contribution since the current perspective on magma addition in the RLS is that four major additions have formed this 8 km thick suite of rocks, as opposed to smaller periodic influxes of magma.
Wavelet-based semblance analysis has been used to compare the wavelengths at which the cyclicity occurs across boreholes. A comparison of wavelengths of this cyclicity shows that boreholes in the northern Western Limb show positive correlation in the density data at wavelengths >160 m and 20-60 m, while those further south show correlations at wavelengths of 120-200 m and 60-80 m. Boreholes of the Eastern Limb show positive correlation in the density and magnetic susceptibility data at wavelengths of 10-20 m, 20-30 m and 5m. These positive correlations across boreholes in density and magnetic susceptibility respectively, may imply that cyclicity may be produced by a chamber-wide process for several kilometres of the BC
DoVinci
Die Projektgruppe 544: DoVinci entwickelt ein Campus-Infrastruktur-System
mit dem sich Personen auf dem Campus Anwendungen herunterladen und diese
auf ihrem (mobilen) Endgerät ausführen können. Diese Anwendungen werden
in Form von Appliances (Betriebssystem + Anwendung) bereitgestellt, was
dazu führt, dass Installation und Wartung von der Rolle des Benutzers entkoppelt
werden. Stattdessen wird auf dem Betriebssystem des Nutzers eine virtuelle
Umgebung erzeugt, in welcher das Appliance-Betriebssystem, und damit
auch die Anwendung, gestartet wird. Die Vorteile von Virtualisierung sind Isolation
vom Nutzersystem (Schutz) sowie eine definierte Betriebssystemumgebung
(Dediziertheit) für die Anwendung in der Appliance.
Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt bei der Verringerung des Datenvolumens sowohl
für die erste heruntergeladene Appliance, als auch für weitere Appliances
und Updates. Mittel hierzu sind Maßschneiderung (Weglassen nicht benötigter
Dateien und Programme) und Sharing (gemeinsame Dateinutzung). Maßschneiderung
optimiert Appliances bezüglich Platzbedarf und verringert so das
Übertragungsvolumen des ersten Downloads. Sharing zwischen Appliances bedeutet,
dass alle Appliances auf einen gemeinsamen Datenspeicher zugreifen.
Beim Download einer weiteren Appliance müssen bereits vorhandene Daten
nicht heruntergeladen werden. So wird das Übertragungsvolumen weiterer Appliances
reduziert.
Um die oben genannten Ziele zu erreichen, werden im Rahmen von DoVinci
verschiedene Techniken untersucht, verglichen und gegebenenfalls implementiert.
Dazu gehören Wege zur Dienstfindung im WLAN, plattformunabhängiger
Up-/Download mit Synchronisation, Maßschneiderung, Sharing und verschiedene
Virtualisierungslösungen
Apprentissage de l'histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté : comprendre le rapport au savoir historique des élèves gabonais du cycle secondaire à l'aide d'une approche socio-historique
La question du sens des savoirs historiques, posée du point de vue des élèves telle que nous l’avons expérimentée dans cette thèse, met en évidence leur rapport au savoir. Pour cerner cette problématique du rapport au savoir, nous l’avons construite suivant une double démarche dont l’une, significative, vise à faire émerger la pertinence sociologique des savoirs scolaires, l’autre, compréhensive, tente de mieux appréhender ce qu’est l’éducation aux sciences historiques. Le regard critique que nous avons posé sur l’acte d’apprendre dans le contexte actuel de l’éducation a permis d’apprécier l’apprentissage de l’histoire comme une réalité bien plus complexe que ne le laissent croire les seules méthodes didactiques. D’abord, parce qu’apprendre est une question multiforme renvoyant à diverses manifestations du sens des savoirs, et qu’en l’occurrence, le processus d’apprentissage interpelle, entre autres, la subjectivité de l’élève pour la relier aux enjeux de l’éducation à la citoyenneté. Sur la base des réflexions construites autour du rapport au savoir (Charlot, 1997 ; Lahire & Johsua, 1999 ; Joigneaux & Rochex, 2008 ; Demba, 2010 ; Lésogho, 2014), un cadre conceptuel élaboré au croisement de la didactique et de la sociologie, a permis d’éclairer les relations des élèves aux savoirs. Ce cadre de pensée hybride a suscité l’ouverture d’un nouvel espace d’analyse et d’accès à d’autres possibles pour penser, aborder et comprendre l’apprentissage historique. La combinaison d’enjeux conceptuels, qui au final a orienté notre propos de recherche vers des enjeux sociodidactiques du rapport au savoir historiques, est l’une des principales contributions de cette thèse. Sur le plan méthodologique, le paradigme compréhensif s’est révélé être un choix intéressant pour se démarquer d’une lecture en négatif des situations d’apprentissage au profit d’une lecture en positif qui rend compte de l’expérience subjective de l’élève. À la lumière des apports théoriques et conceptuels, des angles de réflexion novateurs formulés ont permis de mettre en lumière des sujets singuliers situés dans une historicité, mais capables de s’en distancier de manière réflexive grâce à une lecture plurielle de l’histoire. L’étude confirme des situations et des conditions agissant sur la construction du rapport au savoir et à l’école des élèves.This thesis argues that the question of the meaning of historical knowledge, posed from the students point of view, can shed light on their relation to knowledge and to school. To define this problematic of the relationship to knowledge, we have constructed it following a double approach, one of which, significant, aims to bring out the sociological relevance of school knowledge, the other, comprehensive, tries to better understand what is education in the historical sciences. The critical view we have taken of the act of learning in the current context of education has made it possible to appreciate historical learning as a much more complex reality than the teaching methods alone suggest. Firstly, because learning is a multifaceted question referring to various manifestations of the meaning of knowledge, and in this case, the learning process involves, among other things, the subjectivity of the student to relate it to the issues at stake. citizenship education. In the wake of what the authors suggest about the relationship to knowledge (Charlot 1997; Lahire & Johsua 1999; Joigneaux & Rochex 2008; Demba 2010; Lésogho 2014), we have developed a conceptual framework at the crossroads of didactic and sociology in order to illuminate the relationship of students to knowledge. This hybrid framework of thought has opened up a new space of analysis and access to other possibilities for thinking, addressing and understanding historical learning. The combination of conceptual issues, which in the end has turned our research focus towards sociodidactic issues of relation to knowledge, is one of the main contributions of this thesis. On the methodological level, the comprehensive paradigm has proved to be an interesting choice to stand out from a negative reading of learning situations to a positive reading that reflects the student's subjective experience. In the light of the theoretical and conceptual contributions, innovative angles of thought formulated made it possible to highlight singular subjects situated in a historicity, but able to distance themselves from them in a reflexive way thanks to a contradictory reading of history. The study confirms situations and conditions affecting the construction of students' relationship to knowledge and school
Effets de la spéciation du nickel sur sa bioaccumulation et sur sa toxicité chez le rat : le sulfate de nickel
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal
The systematic significance of the fruit and seed morphology and anatomy in selected Oxalis L. (Oxalidaceae) species
Thesis (MSc (Botany and Zoology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.At present a proper systematic classification of the southern African members of Oxalis L.
(Oxalidaceae) does not exist. The most recent and comprehensive revision of the genus based
on macro-morphological characters is out-dated (published 60 years ago (Salter, 1944)). The
external morphology of the flowers of the southern African Oxalis species is reasonably wellstudied,
but little is known about the anatomy thereof. A pilot study of fruit and seed
morphology and anatomy of nine selected southern African Oxalis species (Obone, 2003)
already revealed some trends to demarcate two main groups. This confirmed the systematic
value of some of the characters already proposed by Salter (1944).
The aim of the present study was to assess the potential systematic value of fruit and seed
morphology and anatomy of 32 Oxalis species. The selection was done such that the included
species would represent the main sections proposed by Salter (1944), the pollen types
proposed by Dreyer (1996) and the different clades revealed by the phylogenetic tree
compiled by Oberlander et al. (2004).
Although the species sampling was very low (20% of the southern African taxa), 35
potentially informative characters were identified in fruit and seed morphology and anatomy.
These characters may be grouped into three character types, namely autapomorphic
characters, randomly distributed characters and systematically informative characters. The
first two character types were particularly useful in species-specific characterization. The
third group of linked characters could be used to demarcate two major groups of species,
those producing endospermous seeds and those producing exendospermous seeds. The three
types of characters may prove to be taxonomically informative if more species-inclusive
studies are performed.
The cluster analysis strongly supported the demarcation of endospermous and
exendospermous groups with 100% bootstrap support. Low bootstrap values were observed
for subgroups within each of the major groups. This is probably due to low taxon sampling.
Therefore clustering based on fruit and seed morphology should be considered with extreme
caution within the two groups. Despite these limitations of sample size, fruit and seed
morphological and anatomical characters have proven to be systematically informative at the
infra-generic level
La représentation de l'autre dans les Œuvres de Jean Potocki
For several decades, the scientific community has become more and more interested in the work of Jean Potocki (1761-1815), the author of the Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse. This "encyclopaedic novel" appears as a text that gathers the writer's view of the world. Through his many trips, he discovers human diversity and reports his experiences. An untiring erudite, he constructs a universalist discourse that transcends peculiarities. A politician, Jean Potocki bases his report on the other on knowledge and action. In the literary space, his writing remains marked by the crossing of tones, cultural and philosophical syncretism. Through this work rich in approaches and themes, we see that the question of man remains inescapable. Jean Potocki writes not only for the pleasure of describing the unknown: he wants to understand and shape a way of approaching the other. Thanks to the publication of the works undertaken by Dominique Triaire and François Rosset since 2004, it is possible to have an enlarged view on the mechanisms that participate in the construction of otherness in Jean Potocki. The interest of this work is to show how the author combines his knowledge, experiences and imagination to create a universe that transcends conventional barriers to mean the complexity of the world.Depuis quelques décennies, la communauté scientifique s’intéresse de plus en plus à l’œuvre de Jean Potocki (1761-1815), l’auteur du Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse. Ce « roman encyclopédique » apparaît comme un texte qui rassemble les regards que l’écrivain porte sur le monde. Par ses nombreux voyages, il découvre la diversité humaine et rapporte ses expériences. Erudit inlassable, il construit un discours universaliste qui dépasse les particularités. Homme politique, Jean Potocki fonde son rapport à l’autre sur le savoir et l’action. Dans l’espace littéraire, son écriture reste marquée par les croisements de tons, le syncrétisme culturel et philosophique. En parcourant cette œuvre riche en approches et en thématiques, on constate que la question de l’homme demeure incontournable. Jean Potocki n’écrit pas seulement pour le plaisir de décrire l’inconnu : il veut comprendre et façonner une manière d’aborder l’autre. Grâce à la publication des Œuvres entreprises par Dominique Triaire et François Rosset depuis 2004, il est possible d’avoir une vue élargie sur les mécanismes qui participent à la construction de l’altérité chez Jean Potocki. L’intérêt de ce travail consiste à montrer comment l’auteur réunit ses connaissances, ses expériences et son imagination pour créer un univers qui transcende les barrières conventionnelles pour dire la complexité du monde
The poetic of silence in the works of Scholastique Mukasonga and Atiq Rahimi
Cette thèse porte sur l’écriture de Scholastique Mukasonga et Atiq Rahimi. Elle interroge principalement leurs écritures respectives à travers Notre-Dame du Nil, Inyenzi ou les cafards et Syngué sabour. Pierre de patience. Bien qu’amas de mots, ces trois œuvres participent d’une écriture du silence du point de vue esthétique et historique. Elle veut démontrer que face à l’horreur et au trauma, l’écriture du silence devient à la fois nécessaire et inévitable car le langage peine désormais à traduire la douleur d’un passé qui ne passe pas. Compte tenu de la difficulté du langage à traduire la souffrance et le trauma de la victime, le silence intervient comme une stratégie langagière qui permet de dépasser le dicible. Aussi, face à Adorno qui estimait que toute poésie après Auschwitz est barbare, la présente analyse démontre que l’écriture subsiste à l’horreur dans la mesure où elle tend, elle-même, vers l’absence et le silence comme le déclarait Blanchot. Pour cela, elle recourt à une esthétique qui allie silence et parole dans une expression qui permet d’atteindre l’indicible.This thesis deals with the writing of Scholastique Mukasonga and Atiq Rahimi. She mainly questions their respective writings through Our Lady of the Nile, Inyenzi or Cockroaches and Syngué Sabour. Stone of patience. Although full of words, these three worksare part of a writing of silence from an aesthetic and historical point of view. She wants to demonstrate that in the face of horror and trauma, the writing of silence becomes both necessary and inevitable because language is now struggling to translate the pain of a past that does not pass. Given the difficulty of language in translating the suffering and trauma of the victim, silence intervenes as a language strategy that makes it possible to go beyond the sentence. Also,in the face of Adorno, who felt that all poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric, the present analysis demonstrates that writing remains horrifying to the extent that it tends, itself, to absence and silence as declared by Blanchot. . For this, she uses an aesthetic that combines silence and speech in an expression that achieves the unspeakable
Jean Potocki and otherness
Depuis quelques décennies, la communauté scientifique s’intéresse de plus en plus à l’œuvre de Jean Potocki (1761-1815), l’auteur du Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse. Ce « roman encyclopédique » apparaît comme un texte qui rassemble les regards que l’écrivain porte sur le monde. Par ses nombreux voyages, il découvre la diversité humaine et rapporte ses expériences. Erudit inlassable, il construit un discours universaliste qui dépasse les particularités. Homme politique, Jean Potocki fonde son rapport à l’autre sur le savoir et l’action. Dans l’espace littéraire, son écriture reste marquée par les croisements de tons, le syncrétisme culturel et philosophique. En parcourant cette œuvre riche en approches et en thématiques, on constate que la question de l’homme demeure incontournable. Jean Potocki n’écrit pas seulement pour le plaisir de décrire l’inconnu : il veut comprendre et façonner une manière d’aborder l’autre. Grâce à la publication des Œuvres entreprises par Dominique Triaire et François Rosset depuis 2004, il est possible d’avoir une vue élargie sur les mécanismes qui participent à la construction de l’altérité chez Jean Potocki. L’intérêt de ce travail consiste à montrer comment l’auteur réunit ses connaissances, ses expériences et son imagination pour créer un univers qui transcende les barrières conventionnelles pour dire la complexité du monde.For several decades, the scientific community has become more and more interested in the work of Jean Potocki (1761-1815), the author of the Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse. This "encyclopaedic novel" appears as a text that gathers the writer's view of the world. Through his many trips, he discovers human diversity and reports his experiences. An untiring erudite, he constructs a universalist discourse that transcends peculiarities. A politician, Jean Potocki bases his report on the other on knowledge and action. In the literary space, his writing remains marked by the crossing of tones, cultural and philosophical syncretism. Through this work rich in approaches and themes, we see that the question of man remains inescapable. Jean Potocki writes not only for the pleasure of describing the unknown: he wants to understand and shape a way of approaching the other. Thanks to the publication of the works undertaken by Dominique Triaire and François Rosset since 2004, it is possible to have an enlarged view on the mechanisms that participate in the construction of otherness in Jean Potocki. The interest of this work is to show how the author combines his knowledge, experiences and imagination to create a universe that transcends conventional barriers to mean the complexity of the world
La digitalisation : un levier d'optimisation de l'intégration des nouveaux collaborateurs
Management des Administrations des Entreprise
