Exploring the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 diagnostic accuracy across disc sizes and glaucoma stages: a multicenter study

To investigate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph 3 (HRT3) diagnostic algorithms and establish whether they are affected by optic disc size and glaucoma severity

Working with patients and members of the public: informing health economics in child health research

This paper considers patient and public involvement (PPI) in health economics research and how this might be facilitated. PPI refers to research carried out ‘with’ or ‘by’ members of the public and is now an important aspect of health research policies internationally. Patients and members of the public can be involved in all stages of the research cycle, from establishing whether the topic is important to influencing details of study design, wording of patient-facing documentation and interpretation and dissemination of findings. PPI has become commonplace in health services research. In the context of clinical trials, it has become imperative, with, for example, patients and members of the public informing the selection of outcome measures and recruitment methods, and qualitative research is frequently steered by PPI input regarding the content of interview topic guides and the interpretation of study findings. It is less common for PPI to be explicitly reported in the economic components of health services research. However, we argue that involvement is no less important in this area. The fundamental rationale for involving people in research is that it promotes democratic principles, research quality and relevance to service users. These arguments equally apply to health economics as to other health research disciplines. Our overarching aim in this paper is to show how health economic research might be informed by PPI. We report our experiences of PPI via case studies in child health, reflect on our learnings, and make suggestions for future research practice

Evidence for the Rare Decay B -> K*ll and Measurement of the B -> Kll Branching Fraction

We present evidence for the flavor-changing neutral current decay $B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-$ and a measurement of the branching fraction for the related process $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$, where $\ell^+\ell^-$ is either an $e^+e^-$ or $\mu^+\mu^-$ pair. These decays are highly suppressed in the Standard Model, and they are sensitive to contributions from new particles in the intermediate state. The data sample comprises $123\times 10^6$ $\Upsilon(4S)\to B\bar{B}$ decays collected with the Babar detector at the PEP-II $e^+e^-$ storage ring. Averaging over $K^{(*)}$ isospin and lepton flavor, we obtain the branching fractions ${\mathcal B}(B\to K\ell^+\ell^-)=(0.65^{+0.14}_{-0.13}\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-6}$ and ${\mathcal B}(B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-)=(0.88^{+0.33}_{-0.29}\pm 0.10)\times 10^{-6}$, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The significance of the $B\to K\ell^+\ell^-$ signal is over $8\sigma$, while for $B\to K^*\ell^+\ell^-$ it is $3.3\sigma$.Comment: 7 pages, 2 postscript figues, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Measurement of the quasi-elastic axial vector mass in neutrino-oxygen interactions

The weak nucleon axial-vector form factor for quasi-elastic interactions is determined using neutrino interaction data from the K2K Scintillating Fiber detector in the neutrino beam at KEK. More than 12,000 events are analyzed, of which half are charged-current quasi-elastic interactions nu-mu n to mu- p occurring primarily in oxygen nuclei. We use a relativistic Fermi gas model for oxygen and assume the form factor is approximately a dipole with one parameter, the axial vector mass M_A, and fit to the shape of the distribution of the square of the momentum transfer from the nucleon to the nucleus. Our best fit result for M_A = 1.20 \pm 0.12 GeV. Furthermore, this analysis includes updated vector form factors from recent electron scattering experiments and a discussion of the effects of the nucleon momentum on the shape of the fitted distributions.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 6 table

Measurement of Branching Fraction and Dalitz Distribution for B0->D(*)+/- K0 pi-/+ Decays

We present measurements of the branching fractions for the three-body decays B0 -> D(*)-/+ K0 pi^+/-$and their resonant submodes$B0 -> D(*)-/+ K*+/- using a sample of approximately 88 million BBbar pairs collected by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric energy storage ring. We measure: B(B0->D-/+ K0 pi+/-)=(4.9 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.5 (syst)) 10^{-4} B(B0->D*-/+ K0 pi+/-)=(3.0 +/- 0.7(stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) 10^{-4} B(B0->D-/+ K*+/-)=(4.6 +/- 0.6(stat) +/- 0.5 (syst)) 10^{-4} B(B0->D*-/+ K*+/-)=(3.2 +/- 0.6(stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) 10^{-4} From these measurements we determine the fractions of resonant events to be : f(B0-> D-/+ K*+/-) = 0.63 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.04(syst) f(B0-> D*-/+ K*+/-) = 0.72 +/- 0.14(stat) +/- 0.05(syst)Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Revisitando a “epistemologia social”:esboço de uma ecologia sociotécnica do trabalho intelectual

Formulado em 1952 pelos pesquisadores e bibliotecários americanos Margaret Egan e Jesse Shera, o conceito de ‘Epistemologia Social’, que propunha o estudo da produção, do fluxo e do consumo de qualquer tipo de “produto intelectual”, teve pouca repercussão e baixa receptividade na literatura especializada da época. Retomando o conceito e relacionando-o a idéias e teorias concebidas por autores contemporâneos como Foucault, Lévy e Latour, o presente trabalho sugere que a ‘Epistemologia Social’ pode ser entendida como o estudo das relações recíprocas que se estabelecem entre os seres humanos e seu mutante entorno social, cultural e tecnológico, visando à atividade cognitiva, isto é, o ciclo que envolve a produção, a circulação e o uso do conhecimento, caracterizado em sua materialidade como uma ecologia sociotécnica do trabalho intelectual. Assim articulado, tal arcabouço conceitual poderia ser utilizado pela Ciência da Informação como embasamento teórico interessante e pertinente para as pesquisas científicas que a área desenvolve. Palavras-chave Epistemologia social. Teoria ator-rede. Sociologia da ciência. Revisiting “social epistemology”: an outline of a socio-technical ecology of intellectual work Abstract Formulated in 1952 by Margaret Egan and Jesse Shera, two American researchers in the Library Science field, the concept of ‘Social Epistemology’, envisaging the study of the production, flow and consumption of any sort of “intellectual product”, received limited acceptance and was slightly discussed within the specialized literature of that period. Resuming the concept and relating it to ideas and theories conceived by contemporary authors as Foucault, Lévy and Latour, this paper suggests that ‘Social Epistemology’ might be understood as the study of the reciprocal relations that are established between human beings and their changing social, cultural and technological environment regarding the cognitive activity or, in other words, regarding the cycle of knowledge production, circulation and use, featured in its materiality as a socio-technical ecology of the intellectual labor. Settled in this articulated manner, such a conceptual framework could be adopted by Information Science researchers as a relevant and interesting theoretical foundation for their scientific investigations. Keywords Social epistemology. Actor-network theory. Science studies

O IBBD e a informação científica: uma perspectiva histórica para a ciência da informação no Brasil

Tradicionalmente se considera que a ciência da informação surgiu no Brasil em 1970, rompendo com um passado de práticas que não respondiam mais, de modo satisfatório, às demandas bibliográficas de uma comunidade científica em expansão. Após examinar a documentação reunida no arquivo pessoal de Lydia de Queiroz Sambaquy, bibliotecária que idealizou o Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentação (IBBD) e o presidiu entre 1954 e 1965, os resultados desta pesquisa histórica sugerem, ao contrário, que as atividades desenvolvidas no IBBD durante aqueles 11 anos caracterizavam já uma abordagem eminentemente “informacional” do trabalho bibliográfico, de acordo com as concepções de Farradane, um dos fundadores da área. Influenciados ao mesmo tempo pela biblioteconomia, pela documentação e pelo então moderníssimo conceito de “informação científica”, os serviços prestados pelos bibliotecários do IBBD sob a liderança de Lydia Sambaquy abriram um novo campo de ação profissional, definindo as condições de possibilidade para a futura emergência da ciência da informação. Palavras-chave Biblioteconomia. Documentação. Informação científica. Ciência da informação – Brasil. The Brazilian Institute for Bibliography and Documentation and the Cientific Information: a historical perspective for information in Brazil Abstract There’s little controversy over the fact that information science appeared in Brazil in 1970, breaking traditional bibliographical practices that weren’t any longer able to properly answer the requirements of an expanding scientific community. Examining the documents gathered in the personal archive of Lydia de Queiroz Sambaquy, the Brazilian librarian who conceived the Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentação (IBBD) and directed it between 1954 and 1965, the results of this historical research suggest, on the contrary, that the activities developed within IBBD during those eleven years were actually marked by an “informational” approach of the bibliographic work, according to the conceptions of Farradane, one of the founders of the field. Simultaneously influenced by librarianship, documentation and the concept of “scientific information”, then a very modern one, the services provided by the librarians of IBBD under the leadership of Lydia Sambaquy opened a new field of professional action, defining the conditions under which the future birth of information science was made possible. Keywords Librarianship. Documentation. Scientific information. Information science – Brazil

O IBBD e a informação científica: uma perspectiva histórica para a ciência da informação no Brasil

Tradicionalmente se considera que a ciência da informação surgiu no Brasil em 1970, rompendo com um passado de práticas que não respondiam mais, de modo satisfatório, às demandas bibliográficas de uma comunidade científica em expansão. Após examinar a documentação reunida no arquivo pessoal de Lydia de Queiroz Sambaquy, bibliotecária que idealizou o Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentação (IBBD) e o presidiu entre 1954 e 1965, os resultados desta pesquisa histórica sugerem, ao contrário, que as atividades desenvolvidas no IBBD durante aqueles 11 anos caracterizavam já uma abordagem eminentemente “informacional” do trabalho bibliográfico, de acordo com as concepções de Farradane, um dos fundadores da área. Influenciados ao mesmo tempo pela biblioteconomia, pela documentação e pelo então moderníssimo conceito de “informação científica”, os serviços prestados pelos bibliotecários do IBBD sob a liderança de Lydia Sambaquy abriram um novo campo de ação profissional, definindo as condições de possibilidade para a futura emergência da ciência da informação. Palavras-chave Biblioteconomia. Documentação. Informação científica. Ciência da informação – Brasil. The Brazilian Institute for Bibliography and Documentation and the Cientific Information: a historical perspective for information in Brazil Abstract There’s little controversy over the fact that information science appeared in Brazil in 1970, breaking traditional bibliographical practices that weren’t any longer able to properly answer the requirements of an expanding scientific community. Examining the documents gathered in the personal archive of Lydia de Queiroz Sambaquy, the Brazilian librarian who conceived the Instituto Brasileiro de Bibliografia e Documentação (IBBD) and directed it between 1954 and 1965, the results of this historical research suggest, on the contrary, that the activities developed within IBBD during those eleven years were actually marked by an “informational” approach of the bibliographic work, according to the conceptions of Farradane, one of the founders of the field. Simultaneously influenced by librarianship, documentation and the concept of “scientific information”, then a very modern one, the services provided by the librarians of IBBD under the leadership of Lydia Sambaquy opened a new field of professional action, defining the conditions under which the future birth of information science was made possible. Keywords Librarianship. Documentation. Scientific information. Information science – Brazil

The impact of positive psychological interventions on well-being in healthy elderly people

This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs) on well-being in healthy older adults. Systematic review of PPIs obtained from three electronic databases (PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) was undertaken. Inclusion criteria were: that they were positive psychology intervention, included measurement of well-being, participants were aged over 60 years, and the studies were in English. The Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines dimensions of quality control, randomization, comparability, follow-up rate, dropout, blinding assessors are used to rate the quality of studies by two reviewers independently. The RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) for evaluation of PPIs effectiveness was also applied. The final review included eight articles, each describing a positive psychological intervention study. The reminiscence interventions were the most prevalent type of PPIs to promote and maintain well-being in later life. Only two studies were rated as high quality, four were of moderate-quality and two were of low-quality. Overall results indicated that efficacy criteria (89%), reach criteria (85%), adoption criteria (73%), implementation criteria (67%), and maintenance criteria (4%) across a variety of RE-AIM dimensions. Directions for future positive psychological research related to RE-AIM, and implications for decision-making, are described