Psychoacoustic Analysis of Synthesized Jet Noise

An aircraft noise synthesis capability is being developed so the annoyance caused by proposed aircraft can be assessed during the design stage. To make synthesized signals as realistic as possible, high fidelity simulation is required for source (e.g., engine noise, airframe noise), propagation and receiver effects. This psychoacoustic study tests whether the jet noise component of synthesized aircraft engine noise can be made more realistic using a low frequency oscillator (LFO) technique to simulate fluctuations in level observed in recordings. Jet noise predictions are commonly made in the frequency domain based on models of time-averaged empirical data. The synthesis process involves conversion of the frequency domain prediction into an audible pressure time history. However, because the predictions are time-invariant, the synthesized sound lacks fluctuations observed in recordings. Such fluctuations are hypothesized to be perceptually important. To introduce time-varying characteristics into jet noise synthesis, a method has been developed that modulates measured or predicted 1/3-octave band levels with a (<20Hz) LFO. The LFO characteristics are determined through analysis of laboratory jet noise recordings. For the aft emission angle, results indicate that signals synthesized using a generic LFO are perceived as more similar to recordings than those using no LFO, and signals synthesized with an angle-specific LFO are more similar to recordings than those synthesized with a generic LFO

Analysis and Synthesis of Tonal Aircraft Noise Sources

Fixed and rotary wing aircraft operations can have a significant impact on communities in proximity to airports. Simulation of predicted aircraft flyover noise, paired with listening tests, is useful to noise reduction efforts since it allows direct annoyance evaluation of aircraft or operations currently in the design phase. This paper describes efforts to improve the realism of synthesized source noise by including short term fluctuations, specifically for inlet-radiated tones resulting from the fan stage of turbomachinery. It details analysis performed on an existing set of recorded turbofan data to isolate inlet-radiated tonal fan noise, then extract and model short term tonal fluctuations using the analytic signal. Methodologies for synthesizing time-variant tonal and broadband turbofan noise sources using measured fluctuations are also described. Finally, subjective listening test results are discussed which indicate that time-variant synthesized source noise is perceived to be very similar to recordings

Harmonic analysis of precipitation, pressure and temperature over Turkey

Monthly averages of temperature, precipitation and pressure values from ground-based measurements for long-term data observed in different geographical regions in Turkey have been investigated. The main purpose of this study is to define the role of small- and large-scale phenomena (local and synoptic fluctuations) on precipitation, pressure and temperature variations and their periods. Hence, the Fourier transformation analysis of the monthly average value of meteorological parameters has been considered, and phase angles and amplitudes have been calculated. The first-order harmonics of temperature, precipitation and pressure values show large-scale effects, while higher-order harmonics show the effects of small-scale variations. The variations of first–sixth-order harmonic amplitudes and phases provide a useful means of understanding the large- and local-scale effects on meteorological parameters. The phase angle can be used to determine the time of the year when the maximum or minimum of a given harmonic occurs. The analysis helps us distinguish different precipitation, pressure and temperature regimes and transition regions. Local- and large-scale phenomena and some unusual seasonal patterns are also defined. This analysis also shows strong annual variations of precipitation in the Southern and Western part of Anatolia and that strong semi-annual fluctuations are predominant in the eastern part of Turkey. Strong annual influence on pressure variations is mostly observed in the coastal part of Turkey. The dominance of the first three harmonics of pressure is smaller over most of the terrestrial stations. Temperature variations are mostly influenced by the annual fluctuations in eastern and south-eastern Anatolia. The urban heat Island caused by developing metropolitan areas refers to local warming effects and heat islands. The local effects are observed in the western part of Turkey

Teledermatological monitoring of leg ulcers in cooperation with home care nurses

Objectives: To examine the feasibility and acceptance of teledermatology for wound management for patients with leg ulcers by home care nurses and evaluate the reduction of costs and the acceptance of teledermatology by patients and home care nurses

Data-based control for linear systems with stability guarantees

LAUREA MAGISTRALEL'obiettivo della tesi è quello di sviluppare un metodo di controllo innovativo basato sui dati per sistemi lineari a singolo ingresso e singola uscita (SISO) con garanzie di stabilità robuste. Dato un insieme di dati raccolti in anello aperto, in cui il rumore di misura è limitato, viene eseguita un'identificazione di tipo set membership (SM) per ottenere un insieme di incertezza per i parametri del sistema. Sulla base dell’insieme ottenuto viene derivata una condizione di stabilità robusta per il sistema ad anello chiuso. Le prestazioni desiderate vengono imposte attraverso una funzione di costo basata sulla tecnica del virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT). Il corrispondente problema di ottimizzazione contiene solo vincoli con disuguaglianze matrıciali lineari (LMI). Nella prima parte della tesi viene fornito il background teorico. In particolare vengono trattati il VRFT, il progetto di controllo diretto con garanzie di stabilità basato sul metodo della non falsificazione del controllore e l’identificazione di tipo SM. In secondo luogo, combinando le metodologie di SM e VRFT, viene proposta una nuova tecnica di progettazione del controllore basata sui dati per sistemi lineari con garanzie di stabilità in tre diverse configurazioni. Infine, l'approccio proposto viene messo alla prova su un esempio di simulazione e i risultati vengono confrontati con quelli ottenuti applicando algoritmi da letteratura.The objective of the thesis is to develop a novel data-based control method for linear single-input-single-output (SISO) systems with robust stability guarantees. Given a batch of open-loop data, obtained assuming that the measurement noise is bounded, set membership (SM) identification is performed to obtain an uncertainty set for the system parameters. Based on the previous set, a robust closed-loop stability condition is derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities. The desired performance is enforced through a virtual reference feedback tuning (VRFT) based cost function. The corresponding optimization problem contains only linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. In the first part of the thesis, the theoretical background is provided. In particular, VRFT, direct control design based on controller unfalsification with stability guarantees and SM identification are discussed. Secondly, by combining the SM and VRFT methodologies, a novel data-based control design technique for linear systems with stability guarantees is proposed in different configurations. Lastly, the proposed approach is tested on a simulation example and the results are compared with different state-of-the-art algorithms

Biochemical content of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruits with edible coatings based on caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin

: Cherry laurel is one of the most important cherry species and naturally grown in Black sea region in Turkey. Its fruits are sold at high price in local markets in northern parts of Turkey. Cherry laurel fruits are very perishable with a limited shelf life due to a high metabolic activity and susceptibility to mechanical damage and microbial attack. The effect of edible coatings (EC) based on caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin on the fruit quality, bioactive content and antioxidant activity of cherry laurel fruits stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 15 days was evaluated. The EC fruits compared with uncoated fruits in terms of weight loss, brix, color, pH, titratable acidity, reducing sugar, total sugar, sucrose, total phenolic content, DPPH-IC50, ABTS-IC50, total yeast-mold count, number of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). Results showed that Semperfresh coating was more promising on titratable acidity (0.26%), pH (4.63), invert sugar (11.77 g/100 g), total sugar (11.96 g/100 g) and sucrose (0.13 g/100 g), caseinat coating was found more promising for count of total yeast-mold count (2.93 log kob/g) and total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (3.44 log kob/g) and lecithin coating was more promising in terms of weight loss (6.77%). For radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content, Semperfresh was found more useful. Thus, caseinat, Semperfresh and lecithin showed to be a promising alternative in prolonging shelf life and preserving the quality of cherry laurel

Yenilebilir kaplama İle kaplanan Ayı Üzümü (Vaccinium Arctostaphylos L.) meyvesinin bazı kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

In this study, blueberry fruit, which is consumed joyfully, was coated with edible coating material ( SemperfreshTM) and stored for 15 days at 4 °C. Antioxidant properties and some physical properties were determined after harvest 5 with days intervals (0, 5th, 10th, 15th days). In uncoated fresh fruits, the amount of dry matter soluble in water was determined as 13.22%, pH 3.41, titratable acidity 1.01%, reducing sugar 8.54g/100g, saccharose 0.17g/100g, total sugar 8.72g /100g, vitamin C 20.37mg/100g, L value 27.09, vitamin A value 0.18, vitamin B value 0.60, total phenolic content 2398.65 mg gallic acid/100g dry weight, DPHH radical scavenging activity (IC50 value) 0.24 and, ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 value) 7.61.Coating with SemperfreshTM was statistically significantly effective over the identified parameters in blueberry fruit (P< 0.01). When all parameters were examined in the study, it was seen that blueberry fruit lost less weight as a result of 15-day storage at 4°C when coated with SemperfreshTM. The amount of ascorbic acid could be determined up until the 10th day.Bu çalışmada sevilerek tüketilen ayı üzümü meyvesi, yenilebilir kaplama malzemesi ile (SemperfreshTM) kaplanarak 4 °C’ de 15 gün depolanmıştır. Hasattan sonra 5 gün aralıklarla (0., 5., 10., 15. gün) antioksidan özellikleri ve bazı fiziksel özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Kaplanmamış taze meyvelerde suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı % 13,22, pH 3.41, titrasyon asitliği %1.01, indirgen şeker 8.54g/100g, sakaroz 0.17 g/100g, toplam şeker 8.72 g/100g, C vitamini 20.37 mg/100g, L değeri 27.09, a değeri 0.18, b değeri 0.60, toplam fenolik madde 2398.65 mg gallik asit/100g kuru ağırlık, DPHH radikal giderme aktivitesi (IC50 değeri) 0.24, ABTS radikal giderme aktivitesi (IC50 değeri) 7.61 olarak belirlenmiştir. SemperfreshTM’le kaplama ayı üzümü meyvesinde belirlenen parametreler üzerine istatistiki olarak önemli derecede etkili olmuştur (P< 0.01). Araştırmada bütün parametreler incelendiğinde ayı üzümü meyvesinin 4°C’de 15 günlük depolama sonucunda SemperfreshTM’le kaplandığında ağırlık kaybının daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Askorbik asit miktarı ise 10. güne kadar belirlenebilmiştir

Travmaya Maruz Kalan Çocuklarda TSSB Gelişimi Ve Şiddetiyle İlişkili Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmanın amacı Şanlıurfa il sınırları içerisinde yer alan Suruç ilçesinde travmaya maruz kalan 9-12 yaş çocuklarda TSSB gelişimi ve şiddetiyle ilişkili faktörlerin incelenmesi araştırılmaktadır. Araştırmaya Şanlıurfa il sınırları içerisinde yer alan Suruç ilçesinde travmaya maruz kalan 9-12 yaş grubu 249 çocuk katılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile katılımcılara Çocuk ve Gençlerde Travma Sonrası Tepki Ölçeği uygulanarak TSSB dereceleri ağır-orta-hafif olarak sınıflandırılıp, ölçekten alınan puanlarla sosyodemografik parametreler, aile içi şiddet, Çocuklarda Depresyon Ölçeği ve Piers-Harris’in Çocuklarda Öz Kavramı Ölçeği puanları arasındaki ilişki kesitsel olarak incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, Pynoos ve arkadaşları tarafından geliştirilen, Türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması Erden ve arkadaşları tarafından yapılan Çocuk ve gençlerde Travma Sonrası Tepki Ölçeği, E.V. Piers ve Dr. Harris tarafından geliştirilen, Türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması Öner tarafından (1996) yapılan Piers-Harris’in Çocuklarda Öz-Kavramı Ölçeği (PHÇÖKÖ), Kovacs tarafından (1980) geliştirilen, Türkçe geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması Öy (1991) tarafından yapılan Çocuklarda Depresyon Ölçeği (ÇDÖ) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadaki bulgular SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 17,0 programı kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sosyodemografik özellikler incelendiğinde erkek katılımcılarda TSSB oranı yüksek bulunmuş ve aynı zamanda annenin eğitim seviyesinin düşük olduğu katılımcılarda da TSSB oranı yüksek çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda depresyon ile TSSB arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında depresyon arttıkça TSSB’nin de arttığı görülmüştür. Çocuklarda öz kavramıyla TSSB arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında ise ağır ve orta derecede TSSB’li olanların büyük bir çoğunluğu ortalamanın altında çıkarken hafif derecede TSSB’li olanlar ortalamanın üstünde çıkmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan katılımcıların aile içi şiddet faktörüne bakıldığında ise; ebeveynleriyle problem yaşayan çocukların büyük bir çoğunluğu ağır ve orta derecede TSSB’li bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmış; araştırmanın sınırlılıkları belirtilmiş ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunulmuştur

The impact of globazation on inflation and unemployment: The case of Turkey

Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Ana Bilim DalıKüreselleşme kavramı, bir ülkenin dünya ile bütünleşmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Küreselleşme, ülkelerin ekonomik boyutu için önemli bir süreçtir. Ekonomi açısından, ülkelerin mal, hizmet, sermaye hareketlerinin serbestleşmesi küreselleşmenin verdiği bir sonuçtur. Küreselleşme kavramının tarihi eskiye dayansa da son otuz yılda hızla arttığı ve kavram olarak kullanılmaya başlandığı görülmektedir. Türkiye ekonomisi 1980 yılı sonrası dışa açık bir ekonomi politikası benimsemeye başlamıştır. Bu dışa açık ekonomi politikası ile küreselleşmenin, genel olarak ülke ekonomisini etkilediği görülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında temel amacı, küreselleşmenin enflasyon ve işsizlik üzerine etkisinin teorik ve ampirik olarak araştırılması temel amaçtır. Küreselleşmenin enflasyon ve işsizlik üzerine ampirik etkisinin analizi için Türkiye'nin 1990-2019 dönemine ait verileri kullanılmıştır. Zaman serisi analizinden elde edilen bulgular yorumlanmıştır. Bu tez çalışması ileri de gerçekleştirilecek ampirik çalışmalara ışık tutabilmektir. Bu durum önemli politika önerilerinin sunulmasına imkân tanımaktadır.The concept of globalization can be defined as the integration of a country with the world. Globalization is an important process for the economic dimension of countries. In terms of economy, liberalization of goods, services and capital movements of countries is a result of globalization. Although the concept of globalization has a long history, it is seen that it has increased rapidly in the last thirty years and has started to be used as a concept. After 1980, the Turkish economy started to adopt an open economy policy. With this open economic policy, it is seen that globalization affects the country's economy in general. The main purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effect of globalization on inflation and unemployment theoretically and empirically. In order to analyze the empirical effect of globalization on inflation and unemployment, Turkey's data for the period 1990-2019 were used. The findings obtained from the time series analysis were interpreted. This thesis is to shed light on future empirical studies. This allows important policy recommendations to be presented

Stromal lymphoid response status in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas diagnosed in bladder transurethral resections and its comparison with conventional urothelial carcinomas

Objective: Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive variant of urothelial carcinoma. Evidence suggests that the relationship between the tumor and inflammatory cells is important in tumor progression and the treatment response. We evaluated the stromal lymphoid response in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas and compared it with conventional urothelial carcinomas. Material and Method: Among bladder transurethral resection materials diagnosed as 'invasive urothelial carcinoma' between January 2010-March 2017, cases with at least 5% micropapillary urothdial carcinoma were evaluated for age, gender, grade, stage, micropapillary urothelial carcinoma percentage, presence/percentage of accompanying conventional urothelial carcinoma/urothelial carcinoma variants, in situ urothelial carcinoma/micropapillary urothelial carcinoma, lymphovascular invasion, necrosis, and stromal lymphoid response. Stromal lymphoid response was scored as 0-1-2-3. All parameters were evaluated in 50 pure conventional urothelial carcinomas. Results: Among 47 micropapillary urothelial carcinomas, 41 were male. The mean age was 69 years. pT1/pT2 was 23/24. Six cases were pure MPUC. Lymphovascular invasion was present in 8, necrosis in 9 cases. Stromal lymphoid response was present and scored as 1-2-3 in 32 micropapillary urothelial carcinomas (68.1%) and 48 conventional urothelial carcinomas (96%). Micropapillary urothelial carcinomas had significantly higher lymphovascular invasion and pT2 rates and lower stromal lymphoid response. Conclusion: Low stromal lymphoid response in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas can be responsible for the poor clinical outcome and impaired response to treatment of these tumors. This is the first study in the English literature to demonstrate a lower stromal lymphoid response rate in micropapillary urothelial carcinomas compared to conventional urothelial carcinomas