Familial aggregation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia with solid tumors and myeloid malignancies.

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)/Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell disorder resulting from the accumulation, predominantly in the bone marrow, of clonally related lymphoplasmacytic cells. LPL/WM is a very rare disease, with an incidence rate of 3-4 cases per million people per year.Currently, the causes of LPL/WM are poorly understood; however, there are emerging data to support a role for immune-related factors in the pathogenesis of LPL/WM. In addition, data show that genetic factors are of importance in the etiology of LPL/WM. In this paper, we will review the current knowledge about familiality of LPL/WM and provide novel data on solid tumors and myeloid malignancies in first-degree relatives of LPL/WM patients.Swedish Cancer Society Stockholm County Council Karolinska Institutet Foundations National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute Roch

Silymarin as a Therapeutic Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi-Approach Computational Study

\ua9 2025 by the authors. Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and lethal form of liver cancer with limited treatment options. Silymarin, a flavonoid complex derived from milk thistle, has shown promise in liver disease treatment due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin in HCC through a comprehensive in silico approach. Methods: This study employed a network pharmacology approach to identify key molecular targets of silymarin in HCC. The Genecards and Metascape databases were used for target identification and functional annotation. Molecular docking analysis was conducted on the primary silymarin components against VEGFA and SRC proteins, which are critical in HCC progression. MD simulations followed to assess the stability and interactions of the docked complexes. Results: Network pharmacology analysis identified several key molecular targets and pathways implicated in HCC. The molecular docking results revealed strong binding affinities of silymarin components to VEGFA and SRC, with Silybin A and Isosilybin B showing the highest affinities. MD simulations confirmed the stability of these interactions, indicating potential inhibitory effects on HCC progression. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive in silico evaluation of silymarin’s therapeutic potential in HCC. The findings suggest that silymarin, particularly its components Silybin A and Isosilybin B, may effectively target VEGFA and SRC proteins, offering a promising avenue for HCC treatment. Further experimental validation is warranted to confirm these findings and facilitate the development of silymarin-based therapeutics for HCC

Preliminary Data on Silybum marianum Metabolites: Comprehensive Characterization, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial Activities, LC-MS/MS Profiling, and Predicted ADMET Analysis

\ua9 2025 by the authors.Background/Objectives: Silybum marianum extract, obtained via microwave-enhanced extraction, was evaluated for its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities to explore its therapeutic potential. Methods: The extraction was performed using microwave-enhanced techniques, and LC-MS/MS was employed to profile the metabolites in the extract. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, Phenanthroline, and FRAP assays. Enzyme inhibition assays were conducted to evaluate antidiabetic activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method, and in silico ADMET and drug-likeness analyses were performed for key metabolites. Results: The extract contained 251.2 \ub1 1.2 mg GAE/g of total phenolics and 125.1 \ub1 1.6 mg QE/g of total flavonoids, with 33 metabolites identified, including phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, and flavolignans. Strong antioxidant activity was observed, with IC50 values of 19.2 \ub1 2.3 μg/mL (DPPH), 7.2 \ub1 1.7 μg/mL (ABTS), 22.2 \ub1 1.2 μg/mL (CUPRAC), 35.2 \ub1 1.8 μg/mL (Phenanthroline), and 24.1 \ub1 1.2 μg/mL (FRAP). Antidiabetic effects were significant, with IC50 values of 18.1 \ub1 1.7 μg/mL (α-glucosidase) and 26.5 \ub1 1.3 μg/mL (α-amylase). Antimicrobial activity demonstrated inhibition zones of 8.9 \ub1 1.1 mm (Bacillus subtilis), 12.6 \ub1 1.6 mm (Escherichia coli), 8.2 \ub1 1.2 mm (Fusarium oxysporum), and 9.2 \ub1 1.1 mm (Aspergillus niger). In silico analyses showed high absorption, favorable metabolism and excretion, and minimal toxicity, with no hERG channel inhibition or hepatotoxicity. Conclusions: The comprehensive results highlight the significant antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of S. marianum extract, suggesting its potential for therapeutic and preventive applications

RIFAMPICIN: ANTI TUBERCULAR DRUG: AN OVERVIEW

The World Health Organization inspires the use of fixed dose combination (FDC) of rifampicin combination used with isoniazid, isoniazid with pyrazinamide or pyrazinamide with ethambutol for the treatment of tuberculosis. Hence, it’s used worldwide for reducing the risk of emerging drug resistance. Rifampicin is one of the potent and broad spectrum antibiotics against bacterial pathogen. It works by inhibits the DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming stable complex with enzyme. Here, the polymorphic form of rifampicin is describe by thermal study of rifampicin. The thermal behavior of two polymorphic forms of rifampicin was studied by DSC, FTIR, TGA, PXRD. The thermoanalytical results clearly showed the differences between the two crystalline forms. Polymorph I was the most thermally stable form and polymorph II was meta stable. On the DSC study of rifampicin it was shows the difference between both form on basis of melting point and exothermic and endothermic peak. The DSC curve of form I RMP shows the exothermic peak at the temperature between 240- 420ºc and form II RMP shows the endothermic peak at temperature range between 183-188ºc. By using the FTIR spectrum of form I RMP, it was shown that the absorption bands at approximately 3400 cm−1, 1722 cm−1, 1643 cm−1, for the OH of the chain loop group, acetyl group, furanone group sufficient to characterize form I of RMP and form II of RMP, it was shown that the absorption bands at 3356 cm−1 ,1732 cm−1, 1714 cm−1 , for the OH group, furanone group and acetyl group are sufficient to differentiate form I and form II rifampicin. In TGA analysis of RMP both polymorphs shows TGA curve form I occurred at the temperature 224.17 ºC and form II showed the temperature at 194.04 ºC. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to test the polymorphic forms of solid-state rifampicin. Keywords: Rifampicin, thermal study, analytical study, multidrug resistance study, consequences

A Novel Halophilic Bacterium for Sustainable Pollution Control: From Pesticides to Industrial Effluents

\ua9 2025 by the authors. This study investigates the bioremediation potential of Marinobacter-hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644, a strain that has been isolated from petroleum-contaminated environments, for the degradation of the herbicide metribuzin and the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent. The strain’s bacterial growth and degradation capacity were assessed under varying conditions, including different metribuzin concentrations, pH values, temperatures, and inoculum sizes. The strain demonstrated optimal growth at a metribuzin concentration of 20 mg/L, with an optical density (OD600) of 0.408 after 96 h. At this concentration, 80% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced over 144 h. The optimal growth conditions for M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644 were identified as a pH of 7 and a temperature of 30 \ub0C, where the enzymatic activity and degradation efficiency were maximized. Additionally, the treatment of slaughterhouse effluent showed significant reductions in organic pollution, with the COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) decreasing by 80% (from 1900 mg/L to 384 mg/L) and 81% (from 1700 mg/L to 320 mg/L), respectively, within seven days. The strain also facilitated ammonium removal and promoted nitrification, indicating its suitability for treating high-organic-load wastewater. Notably, the visual transformation of the effluent, from a dark red color to a clear state, further highlighted the efficiency of the treatment process. This research highlights the adaptability of M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SDK644 to a wide range of environmental conditions and its efficiency in biodegrading metribuzin and treating complex wastewater. The findings demonstrate the strain’s potential as a sustainable solution for mitigating organic pollution in agricultural runoff, pesticide-contaminated water, and industrial effluents

Bioactive Phenolics of <em>Hyoscyamus muticus</em> L. Subsp. Falezlez: A Molecular and Biochemical Approach to Antioxidant and Urease Inhibitory Activities

\ua9 2025 by the authors. This study examines the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and urease inhibitory effects of Hyoscyamus muticus L. subsp. falezlez (Coss.) Maire. Using LC-ESI-MS/MS, 19 distinct phenolic compounds were identified, with chlorogenic acid being the most abundant. The ethanol extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential for therapeutic use. Urease inhibition assays revealed a remarkable 91.35% inhibition by the H. muticus extract, with an IC50 value of 5.6 \ub1 1.20 μg/mL, indicating its promising role in addressing conditions linked to urease activity. Molecular docking studies further investigated the interaction between H. muticus phenolic compounds and urease, identifying hyperoside as a leading candidate, with a binding energy of −7.9 kcal/mol. Other compounds, such as rutin, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, hesperetin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid, also demonstrated significant binding affinities, suggesting their potential to disrupt urease function. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of H. muticus as a source of natural bioactive compounds, offering promising avenues for the development of novel treatments for urease-related disorders and oxidative stress

From Green Chemistry to Healthy Environments: Silver Nanoparticles as a Dual Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents for Advancing Biomedicine and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

\ua9 2024 by the authors. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts is an eco-friendly method with potential for biomedical and environmental applications. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles (SO-AgNPs) using Salvia officinalis L. extract and evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial properties, positioning them as candidates for applications in sustainable biomedicine and wastewater treatment. S. officinalis L. extract was used to synthesize AgNPs under optimized conditions, with a 10% extract/AgNO₃ ratio and a reaction time of 180 min. The SO-AgNPs were characterized using ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS, and Zeta potential analysis. The antioxidant activity of the extract and SO-AgNPs was evaluated using ABTS+• and DPPH• radical scavenging assays. Antibacterial activity was tested against 11 bacterial strains and bacteria isolated from industrial effluent, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) determined for both the extract and SO-AgNPs. The SO-AgNPs demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 0.233 mg/mL and 0.305 mg/mL in the ABTS+• assay, and 0.173 mg/mL and 0.185 mg/mL in the DPPH• assay for the extract and SO-AgNPs, respectively. Antibacterial testing showed MIC values of 0.25 mg/mL for SO-AgNPs and between 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL for S. officinalis L. extract against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, MRSA, B. cereus, and S. epidermidis. For bacteria isolated from industrial effluent, the MIC values were 0.125 mg/mL for SO-AgNPs and 0.5 mg/mL for the extract. This study highlights the dual antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities of S. officinalis L. extract and SO-AgNPs, demonstrating their potential for use in both biomedical and environmental applications, including wastewater treatment

Elucidating Chiral Resolution of Aromatic Amino Acids Using Glycopeptide Selectors: A Combined Molecular Docking and Chromatographic Study

\ua9 2024 by the authors.An asymmetric synthesis is a favorable approach for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances, but racemic resolution remains an efficient strategy. This study aims to elucidate the chiral resolution of aromatic amino acids and their elution order using glycopeptides as chiral selectors through molecular docking analysis. Chiral separation experiments were conducted using Vancomycin as a chiral additive in the mobile phase (CMPA) at various concentrations, coupled with an achiral amino column as the stationary phase. The Autodock Vina 1.1.2 software was employed to perform molecular docking simulations between each enantiomer (ligand) and Vancomycin (receptor) to evaluate binding affinities, demonstrate enantiomeric resolution feasibility, and elucidate chiral recognition mechanisms. Utilizing Vancomycin as CMPA at a concentration of 1.5 mM enabled the separation of tryptophan enantiomers with a resolution of 3.98 and tyrosine enantiomers with a resolution of 2.97. However, a poor chiral resolution was observed for phenylalanine and phenylglycine. Molecular docking analysis was employed to elucidate the lack of separation and elution order for tryptophan and tyrosine enantiomers. By calculating the binding energy, docking results were found to be in good agreement with experimental findings, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms governing chiral recognition in this system and the interaction sites. This comprehensive approach clarifies the complex relationship between chiral discrimination and molecular architecture, offering valuable information for creating and improving chiral separation protocols

A Novel Mobile Phase for Green Chromatographic Determination of Haloperidol: Application to Commercial Pharmaceutical Products and Forced Degradation Studies

\ua9 2025 by the authors. The target molecule of this study is haloperidol, a neuroleptic from the butyrophenone family. It is one of the most widely used psychotropic drugs globally and is considered as effective as other low-potency psychotropic medications. The RP-HPLC method employed in this study utilizes a novel mobile phase composed of a 90:10 mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer (pH = 9.8) for isocratic elution. This method has been validated with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 across a concentration range of 2.5 to 50 \ub5g/mL. It exhibits excellent sensitivity, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2% for both precision and accuracy. The method is highly effective for the analysis of haloperidol in oral commercial formulations. The mobile phase is cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and simple to use, making it suitable for analyzing haloperidol in both liquid and powder forms. Additionally, the method is applied to monitor haloperidol degradation under various stress conditions. For powder samples, the maximum degradation observed was 6.20% after 48 h of sunlight exposure. For liquid haloperidol samples, stability was retained only under oxidative stress conditions, with the highest degradation (57.36%) occurring after 48 h of sunlight exposure and the lowest degradation (10.03%) observed under thermal stress at 60 \ub0C over seven days