Legal, Political and Practical Obstacles to the Enforcement of Labor Laws in Panama

The report describes past and present labor laws and reforms in Panama as they pertain to basic labor rights. Beluche offers a discussion on the legal, political, and practical obstacles that prevent compliance to labor laws

The Regulation of Competition and Innovation in the European Union and Spain: Opportunities for the Philippines and the ASEAN

The Philippines are currently facing a process of regional economic integration inside the ASEAN, in some way similar to the process undertaken by Spain and the European Union decades ago. Since January 2016, the ASEAN has become a Common Market, for whose effective achievement Competition and Innovation Law and Policies may play a crucial role. The scope of these pages is to overview the importance of the regulation in these issues and the promotion of competition within the member States throughout the process of regional economic integration. Then, we will consider the role that Competition and Intellectual Property Law and Policies have played in the construction of the European Union, and we will point out some current challenges that are still to be faced. Finally, we will offer some comparative conclusions considering the importance that these norms and policies will have in the construction of the ASEAN as an economic integrated area, and the way the ASEAN might follow the footsteps set by the European Union in its integration process.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Thionins

The general designation of thionins has been proposed for a family of homologous peptides that includes purothionins, which were first isolated from wheat seeds (Balls el #/., 1942) and their homologues from various taxa that have been named viscotoxins and crambins (see Garcia-Olmedo el al., 1989). The crystalline protein material obtained from lipid extracts of wheat endosperm was designated "purothionins" because of its high sulphur content (Balls el al., 1942). This material was found to have bactericidal and fungicidal properties (Stuart and Harris, 1942), to inhibit fermentation of wheat mashes (Balls and Harris, 1944), and to be toxic to laboratory animals (Coulson el al„ 1942). The toxic properties of mistletoes were ascribed to the viscumin lectin and to a mixture of small basic proteins, designated - "viscotoxins" (Samuelsson, 1974). In a study of the seeds of the Abyssinian cabbage {Crambe abyssinica)^ a high-sulphur crystalline protein was obtained from the aqueous acetone extracts and designated "crambin" (Van Ettcn e/<?/., 1965)

The need for a new legal framework for VTC licenses to allow competition in the services of city transport -including taxis-. A matter of EC Competition Policy

In the recent years, the phenomenon of the sharing economy has played an important part in the market of the city transport of passengers. The performance of these digital platforms such as Uber, Blablacar or Cabify has been full of controversy. So far, the debate has been focused on the qualification of the service provided by these platforms. Once that –according to the Conclusions of AG Spuznar, to the case Elite Taxi vs. Uber of the ECJ- it seems pretty clear that these companies do provide a service of transportation, it is important to consider the legal framework of this activities.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Quantum Transfiguration of Kruskal Black Holes

We present a new effective description of macroscopic Kruskal black holes that incorporates corrections due to quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity. It encompasses both the `interior' region that contains classical singularities and the `exterior' asymptotic region. Singularities are naturally resolved by the quantum geometry effects of loop quantum gravity, and the resulting quantum extension of the full Kruskal space-time is free of all the known limitations of previous investigations [1-11] of the Schwarzschild interior. We compare and contrast our results with these investigations and also with the expectations based on the AdS/CFT duality [12].Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, version to appear in PR

Proportion of common wheat kernels in commercial samples of durum wheat by chemical methods

Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is used for production of semolina which is the required raw material for the elaboration of good quality pasta products. Common wheat (T. aestivum L,)t generally used in breadmaking, yields milling products (flour or fariña) that are not suitable for that purpose. Shortage and localization of durum wheat production, as well as its higher cost, have compelled the utilization of common wheat for the production of macaroni. When different blends of hérd or soft wheat (fariña or flour) with durum wheat are used, the quality of macaroni is reduced. Por this reason, the estimation of common wheat in pasta products is an important problem from the point of view of quality and market control, Chemical methods for detection and estimation of common wheat in pasta products have been developed in this laboratory during the past six years. The related problem of estimating the proportion of common wheat kernels in commercial samples of durum wheat has been traditionally solved either by niorphológica1 examination or by cytogenetical methods. The former are too unreliable and the latter too cumbersome, In this paper, we have reviewed the above mentioned chemical methods and investigated their application to the analysis of single kernels and the estimation of the proportion of common wheat kernels in commercial samples of durum wheat in order to avoid the cytogenetical methods or to confirm the morphological examination

Chromosomal location of a gene that controls sterol esterification in Triticum aestivum L.

A previously described D genome locus (Pln) that controls sterol esterification in the wheat kernel has been assigned to the short arm of chromosome 7 D by comparison of the steryl ester phenotype of euploid kernels of Triticum aestivum variety Chinese Spring with those of the compensated nulli-tetrasomic lines and the 7 D S ditelosomic. Palmitate is the predominant ester in all but the 7 D nullisomic combinations, which have linoleate as the main ester. These lines also show a marked decrease in sterol esterification and a two-fold increase in free sterol, indicating that chromosomes 7 A and 7 B do not compensate for the loss of esterification capacity associated with 7 D

Casimir effect in a quantum space-time

We apply quantum field theory in quantum space-time techniques to study the Casimir effect for large spherical shells. As background we use the recently constructed exact quantum solution for spherically symmetric vacuum space-time in loop quantum gravity. All calculations are finite and one recovers the usual results without the need of regularization or renormalization. This is an example of how loop quantum gravity provides a natural resolution to the infinities of quantum field theories.Comment: 4 page