Plug&play fibre-coupled 73 kHz single-photon source operating in the telecom O-band

A user-friendly fibre-coupled single-photon source operating at telecom wavelengths is a key component of photonic quantum networks providing long-haul ultra-secure data exchange. To take full advantage of quantum-mechanical data protection and to maximize the transmission rate and distance, a true quantum source providing single-photons on demand is highly desirable. We tackle this great challenge by developing a ready to use semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based device that launches single photons at a wavelength of 1.3 um directly into a single-mode optical fibre. In our approach the QD is deterministically integrated into a nanophotonic structure to ensure efficient on-chip coupling into a fibre. The whole arrangement is integrated into a 19" compatible housing to enable stand-alone operation by cooling via a compact Stirling cryocooler. The realized source delivers single photons with multiphoton events probability as low as 0.15 and single-photon emission rate up to 73 kHz into a standard telecom single-mode fibre.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure

Propozycje wzmacniania uczciwej konkurencji poprzez platformy konkurowania branżowego

The publication contains an innovative proposal for the introduction into Polish law of two legal institutions that will support fair competition. These institutions will concern the so -called platform competition, which is not widely known in Poland (especially recently promoted by the EU Commission). In the article, the author first describes for whom these new information resources will be directed, then suggests their thematic scope. Importantly, he also suggests how to create new structures of presentation, so as to facilitate comparison. Finally, he shows how to ensure that only useful information resources are placed on these platforms, i.e. only those which can be used to compare offers. The first solution is to introduce directly on the platform several new information obligations. They will facilitate the comparison of even very complex offers. The second proposal relates to the institution of accreditation, that is, to create new mandatory and cyclical evaluations of larger entrepreneurs in specific industries, performed by accreditation bodies. The author proposes that, following the example of higher education, such accreditations would be performed only by independent bodies, with experts with a high level of knowledge. In the publication, both new solutions are not only thoroughly described, but for rapid implementation, the article also gives the existing legal constructions, which can be quickly adapted.Publikacja zawiera nowatorską propozycję w zakresie wprowadzenia do prawa polskiego dwu instytucji prawnych, które wspierać będą uczciwe konksurowanie. Instytucje te dotyczyć będą nieznanej szerzej w Polsce tzw. konkurencji platformowej (szczególnie ostatnio promowanej przez Komisję UE). W artykule autor opisuje w pierwszej kolejności, do kogo będą skierowane te nowe zasoby informacji, następnie sugeruje ich zakres tematyczny. Co istotne, sugeruje także, jak stworzyć nowe konstrukcje prezentacji, tak aby ułatwić porównywanie. Ostatecznie wskazuje, jak zapewnić, aby na te platformy trafiały wyłącznie użyteczne dla odbiorców zasoby informacyjne, czyli tylko te, które służyć mogą do porównywania ofert. Pierwsze rozwiązanie polega na wprowadzeniu wprost na platformę kilku nowych obowiązków informacyjnych. Będą one ułatwić porównywanie nawet bardzo złożonych ofert. Druga propozycja odnosi się instytucji akredytacji, czyli do stworzenia nowych obligatoryjnych i cyklicznych ocen większych przedsiębiorców z określonych branż, wykonywanych przez podmioty akredytujące. Autor proponuje, aby wzorem rozwiązań z szkolnictwa wyższego akredytacje takie wykonywane byłyby wyłącznie przez niezależne podmioty, posiadające ekspertów o dużym poziomie wiedzy. W publikacji oba nowe rozwiązania są nie tylko wnikliwie opisane, ale w celu szybkiej realizacji w artykule podane są także istniejące już konstrukcje prawne, które można szybko adaptować lub przynajmniej naśladować

Nowe instytucje prawa prewencyjnego oparte na wiedzy

The aim of this paper is to provide a legal analysis of two institutions that are not widely known in Poland, namely Amicus Curiae and Compliance, which have in common the fact that they can have a preventive effect and that they externalize themselves by creating and then presenting new knowledge in an appropriate form. As part of the description, a number of concepts relating to these institutions are established, followed by an explanation of the advantages of legal prevention and the creation of new knowledge. Finally, the author discusses, step by step, how to practically put both institutions into operation and derive organisational, image, and sometimes economic benefits from them. The publication has the merit of a number of conclusions. This includes indicating to legislators how to facilitate the commercialisation of knowledge in Poland and to obtain knowledge from the scientific community to a greater extent.Celem artykułu jest analiza prawna dwu instytucji nieznanych szerzej w Polsce. To "amicus curiae" i "compliance". Ich wspólną cechą jest możliwość oddziaływania prewencyjnego, a także to, iż uzewnętrzniają się poprzez wytworzenie, a następnie prezentację nowej wiedzy w stosownej dla siebie formie. W ramach opisu ustalono szereg pojęć odnoszących się do tych instytucji. Następnie naświetlono zalety prewencji prawnej i tworzenia nowej wiedzy. Ostatecznie autor krok po kroku omawia, jak praktycznie uruchomić obie instytucje i czerpać z nich korzyści organizacyjne, wizerunkowe, a czasem też ekonomiczne. Walorem opracowania są także liczne wnioski. Przede wszystkim ukierunkowane będą na wskazanie prawodawcom, jak w Polsce ułatwiać komercjalizację wiedzy i w większym zakresie pozyskiwać wiedzę ze środowisk naukowych

Token Recycling for Efficient Sequential Inference with Vision Transformers

Vision Transformers (ViTs) overpass Convolutional Neural Networks in processing incomplete inputs because they do not require the imputation of missing values. Therefore, ViTs are well suited for sequential decision-making, e.g. in the Active Visual Exploration problem. However, they are computationally inefficient because they perform a full forward pass each time a piece of new sequential information arrives. To reduce this computational inefficiency, we introduce the TOken REcycling (TORE) modification for the ViT inference, which can be used with any architecture. TORE divides ViT into two parts, iterator and aggregator. An iterator processes sequential information separately into midway tokens, which are cached. The aggregator processes midway tokens jointly to obtain the prediction. This way, we can reuse the results of computations made by iterator. Except for efficient sequential inference, we propose a complementary training policy, which significantly reduces the computational burden associated with sequential decision-making while achieving state-of-the-art accuracy.Comment: The code will be released upon acceptanc

Beyond Grids: Exploring Elastic Input Sampling for Vision Transformers

Vision transformers have excelled in various computer vision tasks but mostly rely on rigid input sampling using a fixed-size grid of patches. This limits their applicability in real-world problems, such as in the field of robotics and UAVs, where one can utilize higher input elasticity to boost model performance and efficiency. Our paper addresses this limitation by formalizing the concept of input elasticity for vision transformers and introducing an evaluation protocol, including dedicated metrics for measuring input elasticity. Moreover, we propose modifications to the transformer architecture and training regime, which increase its elasticity. Through extensive experimentation, we spotlight opportunities and challenges associated with input sampling strategies

Nucleon-Gold Collisions at 200 AGeV Using Tagged d+Au Interactions in PHOBOS

Forward calorimetry in the PHOBOS detector has been used to study charged hadron production in d+Au, p+Au and n+Au collisions at sqrt(s_nn) = 200 GeV. The forward proton calorimeter detectors are described and a procedure for determining collision centrality with these detectors is detailed. The deposition of energy by deuteron spectator nucleons in the forward calorimeters is used to identify p+Au and n+Au collisions in the data. A weighted combination of the yield of p+Au and n+Au is constructed to build a reference for Au+Au collisions that better matches the isospin composition of the gold nucleus. The p_T and centrality dependence of the yield of this improved reference system is found to match that of d+Au. The shape of the charged particle transverse momentum distribution is observed to extrapolate smoothly from pbar+p to central d+Au as a function of the charged particle pseudorapidity density. The asymmetry of positively- and negatively-charged hadron production in p+Au is compared to that of n+Au. No significant asymmetry is observed at mid-rapidity. These studies augment recent results from experiments at the LHC and RHIC facilities to give a more complete description of particle production in p+A and d+A collisions, essential for the understanding the medium produced in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions.Comment: 17 pages, 18 figure

Ortervirales: A new viral order unifying five families of reverse-transcribing viruses

Reverse-transcribing viruses, which synthesize a copy of genomic DNA from an RNA template, are widespread in animals, plants, algae and fungi (1, 2).