– Jag har kommit hit för att låna böcker, inte för att bli ompysslad: försök med LibQUAL+ vid två svenska bibliotek

Publicerad i InfoTrend vol. 60 (2005):2 Denna publicering sker med tillstånd av SFISTrying out LibQual+™ in Sweden The Economics Library of Göteborg University Library and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital Library are two libraries operating under very different conditions. They were among the first Scandinavian libraries to partake in the international user survey LibQual in 2004. Emphasis in this article is on the experience of the LibQual methodology rather than on the individual results. From the Swedish point of view, the survey could be improved e.g. in the lay-out, the wording of the questions and also simplified in respect to the data that is to be collected for measuring representativeness. On the whole however, working with LibQual 2004 was a rewarding experience. The process was well structured and efficient. The technical aspect worked well. Contacts with ARL staff were professional and accomodating. Participation in LibQual also brought several interesting contacts with colleagues, at home and abroad

Net precipitation over the Baltic Sea for one year using several methods

Precipitation and evaporation over the Baltic Sea are calculated for a one-year period from September 1998 to August 1999 by four different tools, the two atmospheric regional models HIRLAM and REMO, the oceanographic model PROBE-Baltic in combination with the SMHI (1 × 1)° database and Interpolated Fields, based essentially on ship measurements. The investigated period is slightly warmer and wetter than the climatological mean. Correlation coefficients of the differently calculated latent heat fluxes vary between 0.81 (HIRLAM and REMO) and 0.56 (SMHI/PROBE-Baltic and Interpolated Fields), while the correlation coefficients between model fluxes and measured fluxes range from 0.61 and 0.78. Deviations of simulated and interpolated monthly precipitation over the Baltic Sea are less than ±5 mm in the southern Baltic and up to 20 mm near the Finnish coast for the one-year period. The methods simulate the annual cycle of precipitation and evaporation of the Baltic Proper in a similar manner with a broad maximum of net precipitation in spring and early summer and a minimum in late summer. The annual averages of net precipitation of the Baltic Proper range from 57 mm (REMO) to 262 mm (HIRLAM) and for the Baltic Sea from 96 mm (SMHI/PROBE-Baltic) to 209 mm (HIRLAM). This range is considered to give the uncertainty of present-day determination of the net precipitation over the Baltic Sea

Methane in the Baltic and North Seas and a reassessment of the marine emissions of methane

During three measurement campaigns on the Baltic and North Seas, atmospheric and dissolved methane was determined with an automated gas chromatographic system. Area-weighted mean saturation values in the sea surface waters were 113 ± 5% and 395 ± 82% (Baltic Sea, February and July 1992) and 126 ± 8% (south central North Sea, September 1992). On the bases of our data and a compilation of literature data the global oceanic emissions of methane were reassessed by introducing a concept of regional gas transfer coefficients. Our estimates computed with two different air-sea exchange models lie in the range of 11-18 Tg CH4 yr-1. Despite the fact that shelf areas and estuaries only represent a small part of the world's ocean they contribute about 75% to the global oceanic emissions. We applied a simple, coupled, three-layer model to numerically simulate the time dependent variation of the oceanic flux to the atmosphere. The model calculations indicate that even with increasing tropospheric methane concentration, the ocean will remain a source of atmospheric methane

Recentni trendovi oborine i budući scenariji nad Sredozemnim morem

This paper analyses current precipitation rates (PRs) and trends over the Mediterranean Sea region and their response to global climate change scenar- ios. The analysis uses 0.25° gridded PRs dataset over a 13-year period (1998–2010) based on remote sensing data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mis- sion. Future scenarios use the results of six global climate models (GCMs) under four representative concentration pathway scenarios (i.e., RCP26, RCP45, RCP60, and RCP85). Results indicate that the Mediterranean Sea region displays a seasonally significant (insignificant) wetter trend during cold (hot) seasons, and exhibits annual spatial variation ranging from under 15 to over 100 mm month –1 over the period 1998–2010. Sea level pressure has two different effects on precipita- tion over the northern (inversely related to precipitation) versus southern (di- rectly related to precipitation) Mediterranean Sea. However, sea surface tem- perature is anti-correlated with precipitation. The GCMs that describe the current Mediterranean Sea precipitation most realistically are GFDL-CM3-1, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and HadGEM2-AO, which are used to calculate the en- semble mean for each representative concentration pathway scenario. The en- semble means realizations indicate that the study area will experience substan- tial drought in the 21st century. Uncertainty in the projected precipitation over the Mediterranean Sea was partitioned into four sources, of which the used scenario dominates.U ovome radu analiziraju se aktualni intenziteti oborine (PR) i trendovi oborine nad područjem Sredozemnog mora i njihovi odzivi na scenarije općih klimatskih promjena. U analizi se koristi niz podataka intenziteta oborine u mreži od 0,25° tijekom 13-godišnjeg razdoblja (1998–2010) uzet iz podataka dobivenih daljinskim mjerenjima tijekom Misije mjerenja tropske oborine (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM). Budući sce- nariji koriste rezultate iz šest općih klimatskih modela (globalni klimatski model, GCM) uz četiri scenarija reprezentativnih staza koncentracije (RCP) (tj. RCP26, RCP45, RCP60 i RCP85). Rezultati indiciraju da područje Sredozemnog mora pokazuje sezonski signifikantno (nesignifikantno) vlažniji trend tijekom hladnih (toplih) sezona, te tijekom promatranog razdoblja (1998–2010) prikazuje godišnju prostornu varijaciju koja se kreće u rasponu od 15 do preko 100 mm mjesec–1. Tlak zraka na razini mora ima dva različita učinka na oborinu nad Sredozemljem. Nad sjevernim Sredozemljem obrnuto je razmjeran oborini, dok je nad južnim Sredozemljem izravno razmjeran oborini. Međutim, temperatura površine mora je antikorelirana s oborinom. Opći klimatski modeli koji najrealističnije opisuju aktualnu oborinu nad Sredozemljem su: GFDL-CM3-1, MIROC-ESM-CHEM i HadGEM2-AO, a koriste se za izračun srednjaka ansambla za svaki scenarij reprezenta- tivne staze koncentracije. Realizacije srednjaka ansambla indiciraju da će područje studi- je doživjeti znatnu sušu u 21. stoljeću. Nesigurnost u projiciranoj oborini nad Sredozem- nim morem pripisana je četirima izvorima, gdje je od njih najvažniji korišteni scenarij

The influence of ocean flow on newly forming sea ice

The heat and mass balance of the Arctic Ocean is very sensitive to the growth and decay of sea ice and the interaction between the heat and salt fields in the oceanic boundary layer. The hydraulic roughness of sea ice controls the detailed nature of turbulent fluxes in the boundary layer and hence is an important ingredient in model parameterizations. We describe a novel mechanism for the generation of corrugations of the sea ice–ocean interface, present a mathematical analysis elucidating the mechanism, and present numerical calculations for geophysically relevant conditions. The mechanism relies on brine flows developing in the sea ice due to Bernoulli suction by flow of ocean past the interface. For oceanic shears at the ice interface of 0.2 s−1, we expect the corrugations to form with a wavelength dependent upon the permeability structure of the sea ice which is described herein. The mechanism should be particularly important during sea ice formation in wind-maintained coastal polynyas and in leads. This paper applies our earlier analyses of the fundamental instability to field conditions and extends it to take account of the anisotropic and heterogeneous permeability of sea ice

Recentni klimatski trendovi i budući scenariji duž egipatske obale Sredozemlja

This paper analyses the present Egyptian Mediterranean coast (EMC) climate and the response of its climate variables to global changes. First, the accuracy of the ERA-Interim dataset (1979–2010) for the studied region is examined by comparing these data with available independent observations. Second, the qualities of six global climate models (gCMs), together with the ensemble mean of multiple model realisations of the A1B scenario, are examined by comparing these with the ERA-Interim dataset. Finally, gCM simulations are used to describe the uncertainties in future climate change along the EMC. The results indicate that the observations are in good agreement with the ERA-Interim data. The data for the EMC, 1979–2000, display a significant positive trend for 2-m air temperature together with significant negative trends for total precipitation and sea level pressure. The climate model that best de¬scribes the present EMC climate is the CgCM 3.1 model, which is used to describe the future climate of the study area. The CgCM 3.1 model indicates that the EMC area will experience significant warming, substantial droughts, and a weak decrease in sea level pressure in the end of the current century.Ovaj rad analizira sadašnju klimu mediteranskog obalnog područja Egipta (EMC) i odziv odgovarajućih klimatskih varijabli na globalne promjene. Ispitano je podudaranje ERA-Interim baze podataka za razdoblje 1979–2010 za promatrano područje s raspoloživim podacima neovisnih opažanja. Nadalje, usporedbom s ERA-Interim bazom podataka ispitana je pouzdanost šest globalnih klimatskih modela (GCM), zajedno sa srednjakom ansambla višestrukih modelskih realizacija A1B scenarija. Konačno, GCM simulacije su korištene za opisivanje nepouzdanosti u budućoj promjeni klime duž EMC-a. Rezultati pokazuju da se opažanja dobro slažu s ERA-Interim podacima. Podaci za EMC u razdoblju 1979–2010 ukazuju na signifikantni pozitivni trend temperature zraka na 2 m visine, koji je popraćen signifikantnim negativnim trendovima ukupne oborine i tlaka zraka na morskoj razini. Klimatski model koji najbolje opisuje sadašnju EMC klimu je CGCM 3.1, koji je upotrebljen za opisivanje buduće klime razmatranog područja. Model CGCM 3.1 ukazuje na to da EMC područje krajem ovog stoljeća očekuje signifikantno zatopljenje uz značajne suše i blago smanjenje tlaka zraka na razini mora

Recentni klimatski trendovi i budući scenariji duž egipatske obale Sredozemlja

This paper analyses the present Egyptian Mediterranean coast (EMC) climate and the response of its climate variables to global changes. First, the accuracy of the ERA-Interim dataset (1979–2010) for the studied region is examined by comparing these data with available independent observations. Second, the qualities of six global climate models (gCMs), together with the ensemble mean of multiple model realisations of the A1B scenario, are examined by comparing these with the ERA-Interim dataset. Finally, gCM simulations are used to describe the uncertainties in future climate change along the EMC. The results indicate that the observations are in good agreement with the ERA-Interim data. The data for the EMC, 1979–2000, display a significant positive trend for 2-m air temperature together with significant negative trends for total precipitation and sea level pressure. The climate model that best de¬scribes the present EMC climate is the CgCM 3.1 model, which is used to describe the future climate of the study area. The CgCM 3.1 model indicates that the EMC area will experience significant warming, substantial droughts, and a weak decrease in sea level pressure in the end of the current century.Ovaj rad analizira sadašnju klimu mediteranskog obalnog područja Egipta (EMC) i odziv odgovarajućih klimatskih varijabli na globalne promjene. Ispitano je podudaranje ERA-Interim baze podataka za razdoblje 1979–2010 za promatrano područje s raspoloživim podacima neovisnih opažanja. Nadalje, usporedbom s ERA-Interim bazom podataka ispitana je pouzdanost šest globalnih klimatskih modela (GCM), zajedno sa srednjakom ansambla višestrukih modelskih realizacija A1B scenarija. Konačno, GCM simulacije su korištene za opisivanje nepouzdanosti u budućoj promjeni klime duž EMC-a. Rezultati pokazuju da se opažanja dobro slažu s ERA-Interim podacima. Podaci za EMC u razdoblju 1979–2010 ukazuju na signifikantni pozitivni trend temperature zraka na 2 m visine, koji je popraćen signifikantnim negativnim trendovima ukupne oborine i tlaka zraka na morskoj razini. Klimatski model koji najbolje opisuje sadašnju EMC klimu je CGCM 3.1, koji je upotrebljen za opisivanje buduće klime razmatranog područja. Model CGCM 3.1 ukazuje na to da EMC područje krajem ovog stoljeća očekuje signifikantno zatopljenje uz značajne suše i blago smanjenje tlaka zraka na razini mora