How Person-Centered Therapy is Perceived by Beginning Therapists : Searching for Better Training Methods

パーソン・センタード・セラビー（PCT）は他の学派、特に認知行動療法などと異なり、それぞれのセラピストが個人としてのgenuineな関わりを行い、定式化されたあり方がないため、初学者は学びにくい。加えて、PCTにとって重要な中核条件（Rogers1957, 1959）は内的な体験（Bozarth 1997）であるために、そこに到達するためにどんな努力をすればよいか分かりにくい。PCTが初学者にどのように感じられ、理解され、どのようなイメージを持たれているのか、を知ることは今後の初学者の教育・訓練を考える上で意味があると思われる。それはまた、初学者にとっての困難を知るだけでなく、PCTの理論の中で十分に展開されてこなかった領域を浮かび上がらせる可能性さえある。本研究はインタビューを通して初学者のPCTに対するイメージ等を調査し、その教育や理論について示唆を得ることを目的とする。It is not easy, particularly for beginning therapists, to learn Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), because it requires practitioners to relate to clients as genuine persons and, consequently, does not have fixed ways of functioning as therapists, in contrast to other orientations, especially Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. In addition, it makes it difficult to learn how to reach the core conditions (Rogers, 1957, 1959), which are essentially "internal experiences" (Bozarth, 1997). It seems important to examine how PCT is perceived, understood, and felt by beginning therapists in order to get ideas on education for beginners. Such examinations may illuminate the unexplored fields of PCT theories. The study aims to examine the perception of PCT by beginning therapists and to come up with better training methods for them

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of pitch-accent systems based on accentual class merger: a new method applied to Japanese dialects

Unlike studies of the evolutionary relationship between languages, the dialect-level variation within a language has seldom been studied within the framework of a phylogenetic tree, because frequent lexical borrowing muddles the evidence of shared ancestry. The phonological history of Japanese is an exceptional case study where the phenomenon called accentual class merger enables the phylogenetic analysis of dialectal pitch-accent systems in a way that is not subject to borrowing. However, previous studies have lacked statistical analysis and failed to evaluate the relative credence of alternative hypotheses. Here we developed a novel substitution model that describes the mutation of pitch-accent systems driven by accentual class merger and integrated the model into the framework of Bayesian phylogenetic inference with geographical diffusion. Applying the method to data on the pitch-accent variation in modern Japanese dialects and historical documents collected from literature, we reconstructed the evolutionary history and spatial diffusion of pitch-accent systems. Our result supports the monophyly of each of three groups of pitch-accent systems in conventional categorization, namely Tokyo type, Keihan type, and N-kei (N-pattern) type of Kyushu, whereas the monophyly of the Tokyo type has been highly controversial in previous studies. The divergence time of the mainland pitch-accent systems was estimated to be from mid-Kofun to early Heian period. Also, it is suggested that the modern Kyoto dialect did not inherit its accent patterns from Bumoki but from an unrecorded lineage which survived from the Muromachi period. Analyses on geographical diffusion suggest that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all the taxa and that of Keihan type were located in or around the Kinki region, whereas the MRCA of N-kei type was located in northern to central Kyushu. The geographical location of the MRCA of Tokyo type remains unclear, but the Kinki and Kanto regions are the most plausible candidates

Classification of land use/cover change in the Kanto region, Japan using FOSS4G and Open Data

In this study, we classified land use/cover change from the 1880’s to 2010’s in the Kanto Region, Japan. First, we developed a 100m grid land use/cover database of the 1880’s with QGIS application and PostGIS database. The data were published through the GitHub Site as an Open Data (CC BY 4.0). We imported Japanese national Open Data about land use (1970’s and 2010’s) to the PostGIS database, and carried out a spatial join with land use/cover data of the 1880’s. A model-based clustering method was applied to the land use/cover change data that were summarized based on a 1 km by 1 km grid. The land use/cover change was classified into 29 categories, and we applied multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis to categorize data. Based on MDS analysis, the categories were divided into 7 groups, and each land use/cover change category had a strong relation with distance and direction from central Tokyo and topographical features

TRABALHO EM EQUIPE NO PET CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS DA UFU: ELEMENTOS DIFICULTADORES E FACILITADORES

Quando se trabalha em equipe, aprende-se a lidar com diversas pessoas e, como são indivíduos com personalidades diferentes, por consequência, aprende-se a respeitar os outros, além de haver a oportunidade de trocas de experiências. Estes e outros aprendizados são imprescindíveis para obter um bom convívio social e para haver cooperação. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os aspectos dificultadores e facilitadores para se trabalhar em equipe dentro do Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) do curso de Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). O método utilizado para a busca e para a coleta de dados foi por meio de questionários. As pessoas que responderam foram dez integrantes do PET Ciências Contábeis da UFU, no ano de 2019. Posteriormente a coleta dos dados, foi feita diversas leituras das respostas, a fim de indicar os elementos que facilitam e dificultam o trabalho em equipe dentro do PET Ciências Contábeis. O resultado indica o trabalho em equipe é positivo, revelando aspectos facilitadores, uma vez que possibilita o desenvolvimento pessoal

Japan as fashion: Contemporary reflections on being fashionable

University of HyogoThis paper examines how Japanese contemporary fashion has been accepted globally, especially in the case of London. The popularity of Japanese fashion in the West started in the 19th century with kimono-style dressing gowns, but for the true design influence known as Japan-shock, we had to wait for the appearance of the avantgarde Japanese fashion designers who participated in the Paris collection in the 1970s and 1980s. A new keyword for ‘fashionable Japan’ today is kawaii, the notion of cute. This is intimately linked to street fashion and subculture and has been established and received as part of ‘cool Japan’ through the worldwide popularity of Japanese manga and anime. Moreover, it could be said that Japan is fashionable and the Japanese are thought of as fashionable people, but who is described as fashionable, and by whom? To reflect upon this statement, ‘the Japanese are fashionable’, as ideology, picking up the globally popular Japanese street fashion magazine FRUiTS, I would like to investigate the double meaning of fashion in the present and also what it means to be fashionable

Clarice Lispector: entre o amor e a maturidade

Nas narrativas de Clarice Lispector, os sentimentos tendem a incutir um processo epifânico, tais como o sentimento de busca, de solidão e, principalmente, de amor, que levam os personagens centrais a aprenderem sobre si mesmos e, assim, alcançarem uma compreensão mais ampla sobre o mundo. O amor num sentido geral é um sentimento de afeição de uma pessoa por outra. Para as obras de Lispector, o amor nem sempre se refere a um sentimento romântico, uma vez que essa sensação pode estar ligada à desilusão, à morte, ao gozo etc. A partir da reflexão sobre as obras Amor, Os desastres de Sofia, Restos de carnaval, Uma aprendizagem ou o livro dos prazeres e Uma história de tanto amor, os rituais de passagem que levam a compreender o sentido do amor e, consequentemente, a maturidade podem ser verificados