Genetic mental services for retardation patients with severe - The South African situation

In South Africa mental retardation is still ill-defined as regards the aetiology and general epidemiology. A systematic diagnostic/genetics programme implemented at various institutions for the mentally retarded within the framework of a comprehensive genetic service is described. The progress made is reported and the contribution of genetic services to the prevention and the management of mental retardation highlighted

Mission Statements as Naming Proposals: An RSI Approach

This study explores the communication process used to generate and express communication program mission “names.” It argues that the process that underlies the creating, maintaining, and changing of names, ranging from the specific to the ideological, also generates academic unit “mission.” Viewing mission texts through the lens of the rhetoric of social intervention model reveals how the texts reason rhetorically as they propose and provide evidence for the “appropriateness” of a unit’s constituted mission name. Awareness of the rhetorical-reasoning pattern can help unit members make sense of mission-building or -revising work and provide a practical way for them to organize and critique their efforts. Furthermore, examining mission statements from an RSI approach highlights attention to the “incompleteness” of an academic unit’s naming choices, which has practical implications for constructing mission statements and defining program “uniqueness.

A clinical delineation of Tachyphemia (cluttering)

Cluttering constitutes one of the most important disorders of speech, language and communication in general. The majority of c1utterers are themselves unaware of the disorder. The problems of definition, symptomatology, aetiology and relationship to stuttering and hereditary aspects, are discussed. A preliminary case report of a family in which cluttering appears to follow a dominant mode of inheritance, is given. It is concluded that the major symptoms underlying the general cluttering syndrome in the family described, are related to some form of psychoneurological dysfunction with emphasis on a central language imbalance.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1624 (1974

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE PROBLEMAS REFRACTIVOS EN LA POBLACIÓN DE 6 A 12 AÑOS DE LA ESCUELA PRIMARIA URBANA FEDERAL “2 DE MAYO DE 1812” EN LA COLONIA CENTRO DEL MUNICIPIO DE CUAUTLA, MORELOS

Estudio de caso a nivel descriptivo realizado en una Escuela primaria del Municipio de Cuautla, Morelos, en el cual se analiza de manera transversal la prevalencia de problemas refractivos en una población estudiantil de 337 personas, cuyas edades fluctúan entre los 6 y los 12 años de edad. Para efectuar dicho estudio se realizaron pruebas de agudeza visual a 6 m. y 40 cm. utilizando un proyector de optotipos de la marca NIDEK, para la agudeza visual lejana y una cartilla de Snellen para evaluar la agudeza visual cercana. Se usó la retinoscopía mediante la utilización de un retinoscopio de la marca WelchAllyn. Los resultados de las pruebas fueron analizados por medio de diversos estudios estadísticos a fin de caracterizar y comparar la prevalencia de dichas alteraciones bajo los criterios de sexo y edad. En dichos resultados se encontró una prevalencia de ametropías del 27.2%, y la ametropía con mayor índice de prevalencia fue la miopía con el 12.9%. La mayor parte de las ametropías (62.8%) se situó por debajo de +/-1.00 D. Finalmente, la caracterización por sexo y edad no mostró diferencias significativas entre los grupos.Descriptive case study conducted in a basic school located in Cuautla, Morelos. In this investigation the prevalence of refractive errors is transversally analyzed in a population of 337 individuals, whose ages vary between 6 and 12 years old. In order to realize this study, distant and near visual acuity tests using an optotype projector and retinoscopies taken by a Welch Allyn© retinoscope were applied. The collected data is analyzed under different statistic techniques in order to characterize and compare the prevalence of such refractive errors under the criteria of age and gender. The study showed a 27.2% prevalence of refractive errors among the attended patients. The most prevalent refractive error found was myopia (12.9%). Most of refractive errors were located under +/-1.00 D. Finally, characterizing refractive errors by age and gender showed no significant differences between groups.ESPECIALISTA EN FUNCIÓN VISUALPD

Augmented-reality-assisted K-wire placement for glenoid component positioning in reversed shoulder arthroplasty: a proof-of-concept study

The accuracy of the implant’s post-operative position and orientation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty is known to play a significant role in both clinical and functional outcomes. Whilst technologies such as navigation and robotics have demonstrated superior radiological outcomes in many fields of surgery, the impact of augmented reality (AR) assistance in the operating room is still unknown. Malposition of the glenoid component in shoulder arthroplasty is known to result in implant failure and early revision surgery. The use of AR has many promising advantages, including allowing the detailed study of patient-specific anatomy without the need for invasive procedures such as arthroscopy to interrogate the joint’s articular surface. In addition, this technology has the potential to assist surgeons intraoperatively in aiding the guidance of surgical tools. It offers the prospect of increased component placement accuracy, reduced surgical procedure time, and improved radiological and functional outcomes, without recourse to the use of large navigation or robotic instruments, with their associated high overhead costs. This feasibility study describes the surgical workflow from a standardised CT protocol, via 3D reconstruction, 3D planning, and use of a commercial AR headset, to AR-assisted k-wire placement. Post-operative outcome was measured using a high-resolution laser scanner on the patient-specific 3D printed bone. In this proof-of-concept study, the discrepancy between the planned and the achieved glenoid entry point and guide-wire orientation was approximately 3 mm with a mean angulation error of 5°

Situating Speech: A Rhetorical Approach to Political Strategy

Ideas are increasingly acknowledged as factors in explaining political behaviour. But often they are treated as inert resources rather than dynamic instances of action in themselves. The latter, I propose, requires reflection on the character of speech – as the medium of ideas – in responding to and refiguring a prevailing situation. I undertake such reflection by setting out a rhetorical approach to political strategy. Building upon ‘interpretive’ advances in political science I shift the focus from stable cognitive frames to the dynamics of argumentation where ideas work expressively. I then explore the rhetorical aspect of strategising with attention to the way speech serves to orient audiences by creatively re-appropriating a situation. That approach is shown to be consistent with a ‘dialectical’ political sociology that emphasises the interaction of structure and agency. Finally, I sketch a method for undertaking rhetorical analysis and indicate how it might be applied to a concrete example

Learning the hard way: the effect of violent conflict on student academic achievement

We study the effect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on various education outcomes for Palestinian high school students in the West Bank during the Second Intifada (2000-2006). Exploiting within-school variation in the number of conflict-related Palestinian fatalities during the academic year, we show that the conflict reduces the probability of passing the final exam, the total test score, and the probability of being admitted to university. The effect of conflict varies with the type and the timing of the violent events the student is exposed to and it is not significant for students in the upper tail of the test score distribution. We discuss various possible transmission mechanisms explaining our main result. Evidence suggests a role for both the conflictinduced deterioration of school infrastructures and the worsening in students’ psychological well-being due to direct exposure to violent events