Linguistic complexity: English vs. Polish, text vs. corpus

We analyze the rank-frequency distributions of words in selected English and Polish texts. We show that for the lemmatized (basic) word forms the scale-invariant regime breaks after about two decades, while it might be consistent for the whole range of ranks for the inflected word forms. We also find that for a corpus consisting of texts written by different authors the basic scale-invariant regime is broken more strongly than in the case of comparable corpus consisting of texts written by the same author. Similarly, for a corpus consisting of texts translated into Polish from other languages the scale-invariant regime is broken more strongly than for a comparable corpus of native Polish texts. Moreover, we find that if the words are tagged with their proper part of speech, only verbs show rank-frequency distribution that is almost scale-invariant

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF CHANGES IN THE FORMS OF INTERGENERATIONAL SOLIDARITY. THE CASE OF LONG-TERM CARE IN POLAND

Opieka długoterminowa nie była do tej pory centralnym punktem w debacie dotyczącej polityki społecznej w Polsce. Niemniej jednak obecnie obserwujemy większe zainteresowanie tą kwestią, czego wyrazem są parlamentarne prace nad wstępnymi założeniami do ustawy o pomocy osobom niesamodzielnym. Artykuł niniejszy analizuje powyższy projekt reformy opieki długoterminowej w odniesieniu do teoretycznej koncepcji solidarności międzypokoleniowej. Tekst wskazuje na ekonomiczne dylematy związane z reformą oraz omawia główne problemy związane z jej implementacją.The issue of a long-term care has not become, as yet, a focal point of any debate on social policy in Poland. However, a major shift of interest in this subject has been noted lately, which has also manifested itself in the parliamentary work and the draft preliminary legislation concerning the matter. This paper discusses the draft law on long-term care with reference to the theoretical concept of intergenerational solidarity. The main dilemmas connected with the reform of social policy have been enumerated and some light has been shed on the practical economic problems of its implementation

BCM 475: Construction Cost Control

The poster presented at the IMPACT Symposium 2014 outlines the redesign of of BCM 475 (Construction Cost Control)

Construction Project Cost Control

The purpose of Construction Project Cost Control is to present techniques that help the contractor control the cost of the required inputs to the construction process. Every member of the construction project team must work together to control costs. The individual\u27s ability to control construction project costs determines career success in the construction industry. This book is a study of project-level cost control. Topics covered include labor cost control, project cash flow, material cost control, and subcontract cost control. This book has been developed while the author taught the Construction Costs course from 1984-2016 in the School of Construction Management at Purdue University

Understanding and Managing Gender Identity Variance in Minors: A Qualitative Research on the Parental Role in Italy

Identities that differ from what is expected of each gender challenge the crystallised binary form of social organisation. Furthermore, having a gender-variant child is an experience that confronts parents with something unknown to them that questions most of their assumptions. In the Italian context, there is a lack of awareness about the population of transgender and gender-variant minors, and what their or their families' needs are. In the present study, we interviewed the parents of gender-variant minors from Italy and asked them to describe the ways they got to know their child's gender identity and how they managed such a completely new situation. The interviews were transcribed literally and analysed through discourse analysis. We carried out descriptions of how parents configure this topic and the different positionings adopted thorough their experience of understanding and managing gender variance. Overall, we discussed and promoted parent-children interacting modalities aimed at co-constructing and sharing the process of gender identity development, instead of adopting self-referential or ideological positionings. The present article offers a qualitative exploratory study of gender-variant minors and their families in the Italian context. The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are also presented

Freight tram concept for the city of Poznań

The work presents the concept of a freight tram and examples of trams used in European cities. The concept of a freight tram in Poznań and the Municipal Integrated Logistics Center that manages the delivery of goods to customers has been presented. The use of a freight tram in urban logistics requires from the city carrier a detailed plan for the delivery of cargo from shippers to recipients, in order to eliminate congestion in the tram network. The establishment of the Integrated Logistics Center gives you the opportunity to create a coherent system of goods distribution and transport traffic control in the city. Some selected patterns of transshipment of goods using, among others, railway terminals are presented

The Influence of Epstein-Barr virus infection on developing multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory-demyelinating disease. MS leads to the multifocal damage of the central nervous system, which causes the gradual deterioration of sensory, motor and cognitive functions. The etiology of this disease is not fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors (including the EBV infection) are suspected. In this review, we would like to summarize the state of knowledge over the effect of Epstein-Barr virus infection on developing multiple sclerosis. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) which is caused by EBV and MS have similar epidemiology: both diseases mainly affect people at a young age, geographical prevalence is also identical. There are many theories that explain the mechanism of the EBV involvement in the development of MS including: the migration of EBV-infected B cells into the Central Nervous System, the theory of molecular mimicry, the induction of αB-crystallin by EBV in lymphoid cells or cooperation of the EBV and other viruses in the development of MS. Observations by physicians from around the world suggest that EBV infection is a strong factor in the development of multiple sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus is prevalent in the population. There are a lot of evidences that suggest its involvement in the development of multiple sclerosis. Prevention of EBV infection could potentially reduce the amount of cases of MS. However, more researches are needed to clearly confirm the involvement of EBV in the etiopathogenesis of developing MS

The k-NN classifier and self-adaptive Hotelling data reduction technique in handwritten signatures recognition

The paper proposes a novel signature verification concept. This new approach uses appropriate similarity coefficients to evaluate the associations between the signature features. This association, called the new composed feature, enables the calculation of a new form of similarity between objects. The most important advantage of the proposed solution is case-by-case matching of similarity coefficients to a signature features, which can be utilized to assess whether a given signature is genuine or forged. The procedure, as described, has been repeated for each person presented in a signatures database. In the verification stage, a two-class classifier recognizes genuine and forged signatures. In this paper, a broad range of classifiers are evaluated. These classifiers all operate on features observed and computed during the data preparation stage. The set of signature composed features of a given person can be reduced what decrease verification error. Such a phenomenon does not occur for the raw features. The approach proposed was tested in a practical environment, with handwritten signatures used as the objects to be compared. The high level of signature recognition obtained confirms that the proposed methodology is efficient and that it can be adapted to accommodate as yet unknown features. The approach proposed can be incorporated into biometric systems