The Synthesis of Cyclic Enol Ethers via Molybdenum Alkylidene-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis

An efficient method for the construction of five- and six-membered cyclic vinyl ethers from unsaturated esters using stoichiometric titanium reagents to convert the esters to acyclic olefinic enol ethers which are then transformed to the desired products by catalytic ring-closing olefin metathesis with a molybdenum alkylidene complex is described

Influence of Product Architecture on the Competition Between LCD and PDP Technologies

The popularity of flat TVs began to reach its stride at the beginning of the 21st century, and the market size has expanded rapidly. The plasma display panel (PDP) technology was predominant initially, but the liquid crystal display (LCD) technology has presently overtaken PDP technology. Most of the actual conditions for the competition between LCD and PDP have not been clarified. In this study, our aim was to understand the factors because of which LCD overtook PDP in terms of the product architecture and to clarify the architecture’s influence on the competition between LCD and PDP. The results showed that PDP and LCD have integral-type and modular-type architectures, respectively, and that this difference has had a big influence on the market competition between the two technologies

Repeated misclassifications of tachycardia by an implantable cardiac defibrillator

This case describes repeated misclassifications of SVT due to AV node reentry as VT by an ICD. This case illustrates the limitations of SVT-VT discrimination algorithm. Careful analysis of the stored tracings is of critical importance to reach the correct diagnosis

Temporal organization of speech utterance: a c/d model perspective

Este artigo discute o modelo C/D na qualidade de quadro teórico lingüístico visando a descrever as características temporais de enunciados com referência à organização prosódica geral. Um trem de pulsos sílaba/fronteira, com magnitudes controladas, representa o esqueleto da função de base de um enunciado, determinando completamente sua organização métrica. Contornos vocálicos, tonais e demais contornos fonéticos representam a melodia da função de base. O padrão temporal de sílabas individuais é calculado pela distribuição de suas magnitudes, levando-se em consideração a intervenção de fronteiras com magnitudes controladas. A magnitude da sílaba é realizada como duração juntamente com outras propriedades fonéticas tais como um componente de abertura da mandíbula e forças incrementais de gestos vocálicos e consonantais. Além disso, a constituição de um padrão prosódico envolve um controle tonal independente. A fonologia lexical pode especificar características acentuais (magnitude da sílaba), tonais ou ambas, dependendo da língua, mas toda língua usa as duas características ao nível da frase. A natureza inerentemente dinâmica da fala é fundamental nesta nova abordagem

The Synthesis of Cyclic Enol Ethers via Molybdenum Alkylidene-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis

An efficient method for the construction of five- and six-membered cyclic vinyl ethers from unsaturated esters using stoichiometric titanium reagents to convert the esters to acyclic olefinic enol ethers which are then transformed to the desired products by catalytic ring-closing olefin metathesis with a molybdenum alkylidene complex is described

Regioselective Introduction of Electrophiles into Piperidine Derivatives at the 4-Position

Regioselective introduction of various electrophiles (aldehydes, ketones, and imines) into piperidine skeleton at the 4-position was achieved with a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)2/PPh3 in the presence of excess Et2Zn. In addition, enantioselective introduction of benzaldehyde into piperidine derivatives was accomplished by using chiral phosphine ligand with moderate enantioselectivity

How Physicians Support Mothers of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Fujino H., Saito T., Matsumura T., et al. How Physicians Support Mothers of Children with Duchenne Muscular DystrophyHow Physicians Support Mothers of Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Journal of Child Neurology 30(10), 1287-1294 (2015); Copyright © 2015 SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073814558334.Communicating about Duchenne muscular dystrophy and its prognosis can be difficult for affected children and their family. We focused on how physicians provide support to the mothers of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who have difficulty communicating about the condition with their child. The eligible participants were certified child neurologists of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Participants responded to questionnaires consisting of free descriptions of a vignette of a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and a mother. We analyzed 263 responses of the participants. We found 4 themes on advising mothers, involving encouraging communication, family autonomy, supporting family, and considering the childs concerns. These results provide a better understanding of the communication between physicians and family members who need help sharing information with a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These findings will assist clinical practitioners in supporting families and the affected children throughout the course of their illness

Histone H2A Mono-Ubiquitination Is a Crucial Step to Mediate PRC1-Dependent Repression of Developmental Genes to Maintain ES Cell Identity

Two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, collaborate to maintain epigenetic repression of key developmental loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PRC1 and PRC2 have histone modifying activities, catalyzing mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A (H2AK119u1) and trimethylation of H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), respectively. Compared to H3K27me3, localization and the role of H2AK119u1 are not fully understood in ESCs. Here we present genome-wide H2AK119u1 maps in ESCs and identify a group of genes at which H2AK119u1 is deposited in a Ring1-dependent manner. These genes are a distinctive subset of genes with H3K27me3 enrichment and are the central targets of Polycomb silencing that are required to maintain ESC identity. We further show that the H2A ubiquitination activity of PRC1 is dispensable for its target binding and its activity to compact chromatin at Hox loci, but is indispensable for efficient repression of target genes and thereby ESC maintenance. These data demonstrate that multiple effector mechanisms including H2A ubiquitination and chromatin compaction combine to mediate PRC1-dependent repression of genes that are crucial for the maintenance of ESC identity. Utilization of these diverse effector mechanisms might provide a means to maintain a repressive state that is robust yet highly responsive to developmental cues during ES cell self-renewal and differentiation

Pulmonary blood flow evaluation using a dynamic flat-panel detector: Feasibility study with pulmonary diseases

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系Purpose: Pulmonary ventilation and circulation dynamics are reflected on fluoroscopic images as changes in X-ray translucency. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of non-contrast functional imaging using a dynamic flat-panel detector (FPD). Methods: Dynamic chest radiographs of 20 subjects (abnormal, n = 12; normal, n = 8) were obtained using the FPD system. Image analysis was performed to get qualitative perfusion mapping image; first, focal pixel value was defined. Second, lung area was determined and pulmonary hilar areas were eliminated. Third, one cardiac cycle was determined in each of the cases. Finally, total changes in pixel values during one cardiac cycle were calculated and their distributions were visualized with mapping on the original image. They were compared with the findings of lung perfusion scintigraphy. Results: In all normal controls, the total changes in pixel value in one cardiac cycle decreased from the hilar region to the peripheral region of the lung with left-right symmetric distribution. In contrast, in many abnormal cases, pulmonary blood flow disorder was indicated as a reduction of changes in pixel values on a mapping image. The findings of mapping image coincided with those of lung perfusion scintigraphy. Conclusions: Dynamic chest radiography using an FPD system with computer analysis is expected to be a new type of functional imaging, which provides pulmonary blood flow distribution additionally. © CARS 2009