The Method of Light Dose Measurement During Phodinamic Therapy

A new method of light dose monitoring during the photodynamic therapy of abdominal cavity organs was developed. To apply this method specially developed sensors were constructed. For these sensors the temporal and distance dependences of light doses were received and analyzed. It was shown that the light dose from the operating lamp is large enough in laser light field to be taken into account when planning photodynamic therapy. Keywords: PDT, light doses, other source of light in PDT, photodynamic therap

Endogenous Isoquinoline Alkaloids Agonists of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel Type 3

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) ASIC3 expressed mainly in peripheral sensory neurons play an important role in pain perception and inflammation development. In response to acidic stimuli, they can generate a unique biphasic current. At physiological pH 7.4, human ASIC3 isoform (hASIC3) is desensitized and able to generate only a sustained current. We found endogenous isoquinoline alkaloids (EIAs), which restore hASIC3 from desensitization and recover the transient component of the current. Similarly, rat ASIC3 isoform (rASIC3) can also be restored from desensitization (at pH < 7.0) by EIAs with the same potency. At physiological pH and above, EIAs at high concentrations were able to effectively activate hASIC3 and rASIC3. Thus, we found first endogenous agonists of ASIC3 channels that could both activate and prevent or reverse desensitization of the channel. The decrease of EIA levels could be suggested as a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of pain and inflammation

Кластерный анализ результатов интраоперационной оптической спектроскопической диагностики в нейрохирургии глиальных опухолей головного мозга

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of methods of cluster analysis of optical intraoperative spectroscopy data during surgery of glial tumors with varying degree of malignancy. The analysis was carried out both for individual patients and for the entire dataset. The data were obtained using combined optical spectroscopy technique, which allowed simultaneous registration of diffuse reflectance spectra of broadband radiation in the 500–600 nm spectral range (for the analysis of tissue blood supply and the degree of hemoglobin oxygenation), fluorescence spectra of 5‑ALA induced protoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) (for analysis of the malignancy degree) and signal of diffusely reflected laser light used to excite Pp IX fluorescence (to take into account the scattering properties of tissues). To determine the threshold values of these parameters for the tumor, the infltration zone and the normal white matter, we searched for the natural clusters in the available intraoperative optical spectroscopy data and compared them with the results of the pathomorphology. It was shown that, among the considered clustering methods, EM‑algorithm and k‑means methods are optimal for the considered data set and can be used to build a decision support system (DSS) for spectroscopic intraoperative navigation in neurosurgery. Results of clustering relevant to thepathological studies were also obtained using the methods of spectral and agglomerative clustering. These methods can be used to postprocess combined spectroscopy data.В работе представлены результаты сравнительного исследования методов кластерного анализа данных оптической интраоперационной спектроскопии при проведении операций по удалению глиальных опухолей различной степени злокачественности. Анализ проведен как для отдельных пациентов, так и для всей совокупности данных. Данные были получены методом комбинированной оптической спектроскопии, регистрирующим спектр диффузного отражения широкополосного излучения в диапазоне спектра 500–600 нм (с целью анализа кровенаполненности тканей и степени оксигенации гемоглобина), спектр флуоресценции индуцированного 5‑аминолевулиновой кислотой протопорфирина IX (с целью анализа степени изменения тканей) и сигнал диффузно отраженного лазерного излучения, использовавшегося для возбуждения флуоресценции (с целью учета рассеивающих свойств тканей). Для определения пороговых значений указанных параметров для опухоли, зоны инфильтрации и нормального белого вещества был проведен поиск естественных кластеров в имеющихся интраоперационных данных оптической спектроскопии и их сопоставление с результатами патоморфологической экспертизы. Было показано, что среди рассмотренных методов кластеризации ЕМ‑алгоритм и метод k‑средних оптимальны для рассмотренного набора данных и могут быть использованы для построения системы поддержки принятия решений при спектроскопической интраоперационной навигации в нейрохирургии. Релевантные результатам патоморфологических исследований модели были также получены с помощью методов спектральной и агломеративной кластеризации. Эти методы могут быть использованы для постобработки данных комбинированной спектроскопии

MODE OF THERMAL IMAGING DIAGNOSTICS OF HEAT EMISSION PROCESSORS

FIELD: for thermal imaging diagnostics heat emission processors.SUBSTANCE: the mode is in that measuring of temperature field of gas flow carrying on synchronously with measuring of temperature field of a solid body is executed by way of locating in the gas flow of a transformer of the temperature in the shape of a net in such a manner that the edge of the net is in the limits of the thickness of the frontier layer at streamline flow of the gas flow or in the limits of the thickness of the sticky under-layer at turbulent current of the gas flow.EFFECT: decreasing of expenditure of time, increasing accuracy of measuring, shortening of number of operations and their simplification; increasing comfort, safety of a mans work at carrying on such measuring and increasing reliability of the results of the study.4 dwg.Использование: для тепловизионной диагностики процессов теплоотдачи. Сущность: заключается в том, что измерение температурного поля газового потока, производимое синхронно с измерением температурного поля твердого тела, осуществляют путем размещения в газовом потоке преобразователя температуры в виде сетки таким образом, что обрез сетки находится в пределах толщины пограничного слоя при ламинарном течении газового потока или в пределах толщины вязкого подслоя при турбулентном течении газового потока. Технический результат: уменьшение затрат времени, повышение точности измерения, сокращение числа операций и их упрощение, повышение комфортности, безопасности работы человека при проведении таких измерений и повышение достоверности результатов исследования. 4 ил

Multiple Modulation of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a by the Alkaloid Daurisoline

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated sodium-selective channels that are expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems. ASIC1a is one of the most intensively studied isoforms due to its importance and wide representation in organisms, but it is still largely unexplored as a target for therapy. In this study, we demonstrated response of the ASIC1a to acidification in the presence of the daurisoline (DAU) ligand. DAU alone did not activate the channel, but in combination with protons, it produced the second peak component of the ASIC1a current. This second peak differs from the sustained component (which is induced by RF-amide peptides), as the second (DAU-induced) peak is completely desensitized, with the same kinetics as the main peak. The co-application of DAU and mambalgin-2 indicated that their binding sites do not overlap. Additionally, we found an asymmetry in the pH activation curve of the channel, which was well-described by a mathematical model based on the multiplied probabilities of protons binding with a pool of high-cooperative sites and a single proton binding with a non-cooperative site. In this model, DAU targeted the pool of high-cooperative sites and, when applied with protons, acted as an inhibitor of ASIC1a activation. Moreover, DAU’s occupation of the same binding site most probably reverses the channel from steady-state desensitization in the pH 6.9–7.3 range. DAU features disclose new opportunities in studies of ASIC structure and function

Alkaloid Lindoldhamine Inhibits Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a and Reveals Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which are present in almost all types of neurons, play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. The ASIC1a subtype is the most sensitive channel to the medium’s acidification, and it plays an important role in the excitation of neurons in the central nervous system. Ligands of the ASIC1a channel are of great interest, both fundamentally and pharmaceutically. Using a two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiological approach, we characterized lindoldhamine (a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L.) as a novel inhibitor of the ASIC1a channel. Lindoldhamine significantly inhibited the ASIC1a channel’s response to physiologically-relevant stimuli of pH 6.5–6.85 with IC50 range 150–9 μM, but produced only partial inhibition of that response to more acidic stimuli. In mice, the intravenous administration of lindoldhamine at a dose of 1 mg/kg significantly reversed complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced thermal hyperalgesia and inflammation; however, this administration did not affect the pain response to an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (which correlated well with the function of ASIC1a in the peripheral nervous system). Thus, we describe lindoldhamine as a novel antagonist of the ASIC1a channel that could provide new approaches to drug design and structural studies regarding the determinants of ASIC1a activation

The Russian government approach to import substitution planning in industry

The article examines the conditions and results of the organization process of import substitution in the Russian industry. The approaches to forecasting, development of import substitution plans, realization of projects are described and proved. The key feature of the planning process is described: it is based not on traditional action plans and road maps but on the potential projects list. The product-project approach is proposed for forming long-term strategic planning documents.</jats:p