Illinois\u27 Drug Induced Homicide Statute: A Tough State Just Got Tougher

This Legislative Note discusses the new Illinois Drug Induced Homicide Statute that went into effect January 1, 1989. The Note traces the common law history of imposing homicide liability on drug suppliers for drug-related deaths and compares the Illinois statute with eleven other state statutes creating this type of homicide liability. The Note suggests ways the legislature or judiciary could clarify the statute through amendment or interpretation

Comfort, tolerance and preference of patients on helmet ventilation therapy / Norshamatul Aidah Osran

Helmet non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a latest NIV interface which allows the delivery of positive pressure ventilation to the lungs via both nose and mouth. Studies suggested that helmet NIV is more tolerated with better clinical outcomes than the other NIV interfaces in treating Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) patients. However, helmet NIV intolerance and failure are the typical responses reported. Since the helmet NIV is new in Malaysia, this study is proposed to provide an overview on comfort, tolerance and preference of patients with ARF on this therapy. This study used a mixed method design. In quantitative phase, 67 patients with ARF who completed helmet NIV therapy were purposively selected from the Emergency Department in one of the Northern Malaysia public hospitals. After at least 15 minutes post therapy and confirmed hemodynamically stable, patients were asked to score their comfort level on a visual analog scale (VAS). Next, their external behaviour were evaluated using Kolcaba’s Comfort Behavioural Checklist (CBC). The evaluation were completed by 43 males and 24 females. The general comfort level was moderate, with the VAS mean score of 75.82, SD 20.53 and the CBC mean score of 88.54, SD 7.35. In qualitative phase, the subset of 12 patients were interviewed to explore their experience throughout the therapy. The thematic analysis revealed six themes: comfort definition, impression, acceptance, changes and encounters (comfort and discomfort- unable to breath, entrapped, noise and insecure), wishes and hopes and closure. Despite of different impression on NIV helmet, patients shared similar comfort definition which led to the therapy acceptance. However, the changes and encounters during the therapy affect their overall experience and eventually influenced their tolerance and future therapy decision. The findings provide an overview and insight on comfort experience of the patients with helmet NIV, which indirectly provide a basis for therapy improvement

Helmet Non-invasive Ventilation Therapy: Measurement of comfort behaviour

Comfort is integral towards tolerance in helmet non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy among acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients. This study aims to measure the patients’ comfort behaviour level after completion of helmet NIV therapy. It is a quantitative, descriptive, observational study involving 67 ARF patients. Kolcaba's Comfort Behavioural Checklist (CBC) was used, with the highest score of 120. The mean CBC score was 88.54, SD 7.35, indicating moderate comfort level; for Acute Pulmonary Oedema (APO) and non- APO, patients were 89.88, SD 7.25, and 87.08, SD 7.80 respectively. This reflects genuine patients' response towards therapy which is significant for future improvement. Keywords: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; CPAP; Kolcaba’s Behavioural Checklist; Acute Respiratory Failure eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.308

Um estudo sobre os ícones arqueológicos da Praça Barão de Santarém: seus usos e significados (Paper 553)

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como as pessoas se relacionam e se apropriam do passado arqueológico na cidade de Santarém - PA.  Visto que há uma ampla representação de artefatos em diversos espaços urbanos do município, definiu-se como área de estudo a Praça Barão de Santarém, conhecida popularmente como Praça São Sebastião. Consideramos que essa praça é o lugar que mais tem representada a diversidade de ícones arqueológicos encontrados na cidade, como a presença de réplicas dos vasos de cariátides e gargalo, estatuetas antropomorfas e muiraquitãs. A metodologia utilizada corresponde à pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, reconhecimento do local de estudo e aplicação de questionários aos usuários do espaço. Como resultado, observamos desde um reconhecimento sobre a importância sobre a história da cidade até um desconhecimento. Por fim, identificamos a relevância do papel da arqueóloga e do arqueólogo nesse diálogo multivocal do patrimônio arqueológico com a sociedade.Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Arqueológico. Ressignificação. Praça Barão de Santarém

Contrataciones con el Estado y la ejecución presupuestal en el Programa Nacional de Empleo “Jóvenes Productivos”, Lima 2024

El propósito del estudio fue analizar la conexión entre las contrataciones con el Estado y la ejecución del presupuesto en el Programa Nacional de Empleo “Jóvenes Productivos”. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio básico con un diseño no experimental. La muestra consistió en 33 personas del área administrativa del programa, y se empleó una encuesta como técnica de recolección de datos, utilizando un cuestionario tipo Likert de 40 preguntas para medir ambas variables. La validez del cuestionario fue asegurada mediante la revisión por expertos en el área de contratación pública y ejecución presupuestaria, quienes verificaron que las preguntas estuvieran alineadas con los objetivos del estudio. La confiabilidad del instrumento se evaluó utilizando el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo un valor de 0.85, lo que indica una alta confiabilidad interna del cuestionario. Los hallazgos de la investigación indican que sí existe una relación significativa, dado que el resultado de la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk fue de 0.642, esto indica que no hay una distribución normal; no obstante, se ha usado el coeficiente de Spearman que muestra una correlación positiva moderada entre las variables en cuestión. Lo que estaría indicando que un aumento en las contrataciones con el Estado, a consecuencia de una correcta gestión de los recursos públicos correlaciona con una mayor asignación presupuestaria y en consecuencia el cual irá orientando una ejecución del presupuesto orientado a responder el cumplimiento de las metas y objetivos de la entidad

Helmet Non-invasive Ventilation Therapy: Measurement of comfort behaviour

Comfort is integral towards tolerance in helmet non-invasive ventilation (NIV) therapy among acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients. This study aims to measure the patients’ comfort behaviour level after completion of helmet NIV therapy. It is a quantitative, descriptive, observational study involving 67 ARF patients. Kolcaba's Comfort Behavioural Checklist (CBC) was used, with the highest score of 120. The mean CBC score was 88.54, SD 7.35, indicating moderate comfort level; for Acute Pulmonary Oedema (APO) and non- APO, patients were 89.88, SD 7.25, and 87.08, SD 7.80 respectively. This reflects genuine patients' response towards therapy which is significant for future improvement. Keywords: Helmet Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; CPAP; Kolcaba’s Behavioural Checklist; Acute Respiratory Failure eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3082</jats:p

Intractable English Language Implementation as a Learning Strategy

English is not a second language that is frequently used in the Philippines; rather, it is a language that is expected. In fact, it is uncommon to encounter someone in the Philippines who speaks English as a second language. The Illana Bay Integrated Computer College Incorporated of Parang Maguindanao's second-year Filipino student encountered a variety of challenges when trying to use English as a learning strategy. This study attempts to discuss the intractability of using the English language as a learning approach with Filipino students from the study's designated location. The majority of the responders are generally unaware of the burden they have endured, but they have learned to use the language as a tool to adapt and survive as issues arise. Filipino students are regarded as being competitive enough to speak English despite the challenges. This study demonstrates how using the implementation helps them learn even while they struggle. This suggests that English will be able to become more widely used through implementation. However, this doesn't change the fact that students will have trouble in real-world situations