Advanced Materials for Organic Photonics

V oblasti nových nízkomolekulárních organických materiálů patří deriváty difenyldiketopyrrolopyrrolu (DPP), používané dříve jako barviva a pigmenty, k objektům vysokého zájmu pro jejich potencionální aplikace v moderních technologiích. Studium jejich optických vlastností ve vztahu k jejich chemické struktuře umožní využití jejich vysokého potenciálu ve vývoji pokročilých inteligentních materiálů. Přehled chemických a fyzikálních vlastností DPP derivátů a zhodnocení současného stavu řešené problematiky jsou uvedeny v teoretické části této práce. Tři hlavní procesy studované v této práci jsou: klasická absorpce a emise, dvoufotonová absorpce (TPA) a zesílená spontánní emise (ASE). Výsledky budou diskutovány a shrnuty ve dvou částech: první zahrnuje první dvě výše zmíněné oblasti a druhá problematiku zesílené spontánní emise.Among low molecular organic materials, diphenyl-diketo-pyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives used earlier as dyes are of high interest in modern technologies. The study of their optical properties related to their chemical structure will provide more information on the later relationship and comfort the high potential of DPP derivatives in the making of more performant smart materials. An overview of their chemical and physical properties is described in the theoretical part and followed by the state of the art in the field of interest concerning this thesis. The three main processes studied in this work are: The classic absorption and emission, the two photon absorption (TPA) and the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The results will be discussed and summarized in two parts: The first concerning the one and the two photon absorption and the second the amplified spontaneous emission.

Inverse problem for a transport equation using Carleman estimates

This article is devoted to prove a stability result for an absorption coefficient for a transport equation in a smooth domain $\Omega$ with $\partial \Omega=\Gamma^+ \cup \Gamma^-$. We consider the transport equation \partial_t u +\nabla a \cdot \nabla u + V(x)u=0,\ \ \mbox{ in } \ \Omega \times (0,T) with boundary condition u(x,t)=h(x,t),\ \ \mbox{ on } \ \Gamma^- \times (0,T) and initial condition $u(x,t)=u_0(x),\ \ x \in \Omega$, where $a$ is such that $\nabla a \cdot \nu >0$ on $\Gamma^+$ and $\nabla a \cdot \nu <0$ on $\Gamma^-$. The result is obtained using a global Carleman estimate with only one observation on a part $\Gamma^+$ of the boundary and the data of the solution at a fixed time on the whole domain

Marginalisation de savoir-faire des femmes en milieu éleveurs liée aux changements des sociétés pastorales et à l'altération des ressources naturelles

Les systèmes pastoraux et agropastoraux sont extrêmement importants pour la population locale des steppes algériennes. Ils jouent un rôle majeur dans la sécurité alimentaire et la stabilité sociale et économique de la population locale. Cependant, les processus des transformations du mode de vie, de la conduite d'élevage et des milieux biophysiques liés en partie au changement climatique ont induit des dynamiques qui engendrent une dégradation des ressources naturelles. Cette situation a eu pour conséquence d'altérer des savoir-faire ancestraux générateurs de revenues. Notre questionnement de recherche a porté sur les raisons de ces phénomènes de déperdition de ces savoir-faire afin d'induire une réflexion sur les perspectives de développement de la production de la qashabiya0F1. Un diagnostic participatif par des enquêtes individuelles et de groupes auprès d'hommes et de femmes issus des communautés d'éleveurs exerçant de l'artisanat a été réalisé. Nous avons eu recours à une approche systémique en tenant compte de la dimension genre et des outils participatifs : la ligne du temps, le profil historique, le champ de forces, l'arbre des problèmes et les matrices de notation et de priorisation. Cette recherche-développement a permis de confirmer qu'il existe une forte relation entre la dégradation des ressources naturelles productives1F2 ainsi que l'évolution des modes de conduite actuelle de l'élevage et la dévalorisation des savoir-faire liés à la confection de la qashabiya. Les résultats ont également souligné que le rôle des femmes et leur participation décisionnelle en matière d'organisation du travail dans les familles ont été affectés par ces processus de changements. (Résumé d'auteur

Diagnostic du cancer de la prostate par imagerie moderne : place de l’IRM dans la sélection des candidats à une surveillance active et dans la caractérisation des zones tumorales intra-prostatiques

MRI is an increasingly important imaging modality for prostate cancer diagnosis. Further indications are being validated in prostate cancer to establish the prognostic, to guide treatment and to follow up patients especially after partial treatment. The first part of this work has focused on clinical studies of MRI in patient selection for active surveillance. The performance of MRI particularly in the detection of anterior cancers would reduce the risk of initial underestimation of tumor burden and therefore reduce the risk of reclassification during active surveillance protocols. The second part of this work has focused on the correlation between the signal abnormalities on MRI and intra-prostatic areas. We used a simple and reproducible technique for MRI and histopathology registration and we correlated signal abnormalities recorded on MRI with quantitative histopathological parameters at prostatectomy surgical specimens.L’IRM représente une modalité d’imagerie du cancer de la prostate qui occupe une place de plus en plus importante pour le diagnostic positif. D’autres indications sont en cours de validation pour établir le pronostique, pour guider le traitement et pour assurer le suivi après traitement notamment partiel. La première partie de ce travail a porté sur les études cliniques de l’IRM dans la sélection des candidats à une surveillance active. Les performances de l’IRM particulièrement dans la détection des cancers antérieurs permettront de réduire le risque de sous-estimation initiale des tumeurs et par conséquent le risque de la reclassification au cours des protocoles de surveillance active. La seconde partie de ce travail a porté sur la corrélation entre les anomalies de signal à l’IRM et les zones tumorales et non tumorales intra-prostatiques. La validation d’une technique simple et reproductible de recalage a permis ensuite une corrélation des anomalies de signal enregistrées sur l’IRM et des paramètres histo-pathologiques quantitatifs des pièces opératoires de prostatectomie

“Physically it was fine, I’d eat what normal people do. But it’s never like this in my head”: A qualitative diary study of daily experiences of life in recovery from an eating disorder

ObjectiveHigh eating disorder (ED) relapse rates stress the need for clearer understanding around how recovery is experienced and maintained. Recent research endorses the concept of recovery as a process rather than an endpoint. This study aimed to investigate daily experiences of living in recovery from an ED.MethodFourteen participants who self-identified as recovered from a formally diagnosed ED were recruited online. A qualitative diary app was used for data collection. Participants completed written or audio open-ended diary entries every other day for 2 weeks describing their experiences, thoughts, and feelings. Diaries were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were developed. ‘Ever-present eating disordered thoughts’ highlights how pervasive these thoughts remain for participants. ‘Impact of social discourses’ unpacks the challenges of maintaining recovery while surrounded by unhelpful social discourses about food and body image. ‘Recovery is precarious’ highlights how a combination of stressors can build up to threaten recovery. ‘Finding balance in recovery’ illustrates the many ways participants try to manage their recovery each day.ConclusionsThe findings make it clear that living in recovery from an ED is a complex process that must be navigated daily. Recommendations for treatment and recovery support are discussed

Reporting Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer : The PRECISE Recommendations-A Report of a European School of Oncology Task Force

Background: Published data on prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during follow-up of men on active surveillance are lacking. Current guidelines for prostate MRI reporting concentrate on prostate cancer (PCa) detection and staging. A standardised approach to prostate MRI reporting for active surveillance will facilitate the robust collection of evidence in this newly developing area. Objective: To develop preliminary recommendations for reporting of individual MRI studies in men on active surveillance and for researchers reporting the outcomes of cohorts of men having MRI on active surveillance. Design, setting, and participants: The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used. Experts in urology, radiology, and radiation oncology developed a set of 394 statements relevant to prostate MRI reporting in men on active surveillance for PCa. Each statement was scored for agreement on a 9-point scale by each panellist prior to a panel meeting. Each statement was discussed and rescored at the meeting. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Measures of agreement and consensus were calculated for each statement. The most important statements, derived from both group discussion and scores of agreement and consensus, were used to create the Prostate Cancer Radiological Estimation of Change in Sequential Evaluation (PRECISE) checklist and case report form. Results and limitations: Key recommendations include reporting the index lesion size using absolute values at baseline and at each subsequent MRI. Radiologists should assess the likelihood of true change over time (ie, change in size or change in lesion characteristics on one or more sequences) on a 1-5 scale. A checklist of items for reporting a cohort of men on active surveillance was developed. These items were developed based on expert consensus in many areas in which data are lacking, and they are expected to develop and change as evidence is accrued. Conclusions: The PRECISE recommendations are designed to facilitate the development of a robust evidence database for documenting changes in prostateMRI findings over time ofmen on active surveillance. If used, they will facilitate data collection to distinguish-measurement error and natural variability in MRI appearances from true radiologic progression. Patient summary: Few published reports are available on how to use and interpret magnetic resonance imaging for men on active surveillance for prostate cancer. The PRECISE panel recommends that data should be collected in a standardised manner so that natural variation in the appearance and measurement of cancer over time can be distinguished from changes indicating significant tumour progression. (C) 2016 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe