Antidepressant activity of Trigonella foenum leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: To evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum in animal models.Methods: A total of 60 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used and they were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats in each. First five groups (1st -5th) were evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and remaining by Tail Suspension Test (TST). 1st group (control) received normal saline 10 mg/kg, 2nd group (standard) Imipramine 10 mg/kg and 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (test) respectively received Trigonella foenum leaf ethanolic extract [TFEE] in different doses 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg/kg per orally for 14 days. They were evaluated for antidepressant activity using FST after 60 minutes of drug administration on 14th day. Similarly, remaining five groups (6th to 10th) received the same drugs and evaluated using TST after 60 minutes of drug administration. Duration of immobility was noted for six minutes for each rat.Results: One way ANOVA and Tukey Krammer test were used for statistical analysis. The immobility periods were expressed in mean±SD. The immobility period in FST were 207.16±28.7, 50.08±2.9, 46.14±1.2, 40.5±3.4 and 40.0±3.6 seconds respectively for control, standard and three test groups of TFEE (100/200/400 mg/kg). Similarly, immobility periods of 163.11±31.9, 125.03±11.2, 138.81±16.44, 138.16±12.65, 127.58±4.3 seconds were noted for TST for remaining six groups. It was found that TFEE possess statistically significant (p<0.05) antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the tests when compared to control group.Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that TFEE possess antidepressant property in experimental models of depression

Effect of surfactant on dispersion of alumina in photopolymerizable monomers and their UV curing behavior for microstereolithography

Ceramic microstereolithography has recently emerged as a solid free form fabrication techniques for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) ceramic components of complex shapes. The spatial resolution of ceramic parts depends upon cure depth and cure width of UV curable ceramic suspensions. Ceramic particle size, its distribution and difference in the refractive indices between ceramic particles and UV curable monomer influence suspension microstructure which will be reflected in viscosity change and extent of colloidal gelation. Suspensions of alumina are formulated in a monomer having hydrophobic backbone structure (monomer chains terminating both ends with -CH2-) by dispersing alumina modified with suitable carboxylic acids (stearic acid and oleic acid). Another suspension was prepared just by dispersing as received alumina in a monomer having hydrophilic backbone structure (monomer chains terminating one end with -OH-). Suspensions exhibit different microstructures owing to solvency of adsorbed layer in monomer having hydrophobic backbone structure, interaction of hydroxyl groups present on alumina particles with monomer having hydrophilic backbone structure as revealed by dynamic rheology. We report effect of microstructure of these suspensions on UV curing behavior by monitoring C=C conversion. The spatial resolution of ceramic part is predicted by measuring cure depth and cure width for the suspensions cured in microstereolithography apparatus. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved

Antidepressant activity of Trigonella foenum leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: To evaluate antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum in animal models.Methods: A total of 60 healthy male Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 grams were used and they were divided into 10 groups of 6 rats in each. First five groups (1st -5th) were evaluated by Forced Swim Test (FST) and remaining by Tail Suspension Test (TST). 1st group (control) received normal saline 10 mg/kg, 2nd group (standard) Imipramine 10 mg/kg and 3rd, 4th and 5th groups (test) respectively received Trigonella foenum leaf ethanolic extract [TFEE] in different doses 100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg/kg per orally for 14 days. They were evaluated for antidepressant activity using FST after 60 minutes of drug administration on 14th day. Similarly, remaining five groups (6th to 10th) received the same drugs and evaluated using TST after 60 minutes of drug administration. Duration of immobility was noted for six minutes for each rat.Results: One way ANOVA and Tukey Krammer test were used for statistical analysis. The immobility periods were expressed in mean±SD. The immobility period in FST were 207.16±28.7, 50.08±2.9, 46.14±1.2, 40.5±3.4 and 40.0±3.6 seconds respectively for control, standard and three test groups of TFEE (100/200/400 mg/kg). Similarly, immobility periods of 163.11±31.9, 125.03±11.2, 138.81±16.44, 138.16±12.65, 127.58±4.3 seconds were noted for TST for remaining six groups. It was found that TFEE possess statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) antidepressant activity, as evidenced by decrease in the immobility time in both the tests when compared to control group.Conclusions: Present study results demonstrated that TFEE possess antidepressant property in experimental models of depression.</jats:p

Potential role of Thiocolchicoside in anxiety disorder: A pre-clinical study

Abstract Aim:The aim of the current study is to evaluate anti-anxiety and potentiating effect of Thiocolchicoside in animal models of anxiety. Methodology: A total of 24 (n=24) Swiss albino mice were procured, and they were divided into four groups of six mice in each. First group of mice (control) received 10 ml/kg-Normal Saline, second group (standard) received 2.0 mg/kg-Diazepam, test-1 received 1 mg/kg-Thiocolchicoside and test-2 received Thiocolchicoside (1mg/kg) + Diazepam (2mg/kg) for seven days per orally. All the mice were evaluated for anti-anxiety activity by Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) 60 minutes after the oral drug administration of drugs on day 1, 3 and 7 and later after a washout period of one month, same four groups of mice were screened by Light and Dark Arena (LDA) model after receiving respective drugs. Results: One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Kramer test were applied for inter group comparison and correlation test for intra-group comparison. Results are expressed in mean ± SEM. In EPM, time spent in open arm for the control, standard, test- 1 and test-2 were 64.5±25.81, 128.33±17.6, 138±10.56 and 168.33±22.35 seconds respectively. There is statistically significant difference between standard (P=0.05), test-1 (P=0.05) and test-2 (P=0.03) when compared with control group. Similarly, time spent in closed arm for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 238.83±20.41, 171.67± 17.6, 162±10.56 and 131.67±22.35 seconds respectively. In this, test-2 is statistically significant from the control group (P=0.05). The number of entries in the open arm for the control group, standard group, test-1 and test-2 were 3.5±1.64, 13.17±7.44, 21 ± 4.05 and 13.33 ± 2.16 respectively. There is statistically significant difference between standard (P=0.03), test-1 (P=0.02) and test-2 (P=0.03) with control. Similarly, number of entries to closed arm for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 9.5±3.62, 16.33 ± 5.65, 16.33 ± 4.23 and 8.17 ± 1.72 respectively. The values obtained for the standard, test-1 and test-2 were not statistically significant (P=0.8). In LDA, time spent in light arena for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 106.83±18.21, 163.5±21.66, 105.33 ± 11.57 and 125.17 ± 16.35 seconds respectively. Statistically significant difference between the control and the standard group (P=0.05) is noted. Time spent in dark arena for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 193.17±18.21, 136.5±11.66, 194.67±15.57 and 174.83±16.35 seconds respectively. Here only standard group is statistically significant when compared with control (P=0.05). The number of entries in the light arena for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 11.67 ± 1.37, 13.17 ± 2.48, 12 ± 2.61 and 11.67 ± 1.03 respectively. The number of entries in the dark arena for the control, standard, test-1 and test-2 were 12.17 ± 1.47, 13.17 ± 2.93, 11.83 ± 2.23 and 11 ± 0.89 respectively. With regard to number of entries in the light and dark arena there was no statistical significant difference between the groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The study result clearly showed that Thiocolchicoside (1 mg/kg) has anti anxiety and additional potentiating effect when combined with diazepam in EPM and LDA models.</jats:p

Epoxy composite reinforced with jute/basalt hybrid – Characterisation and performance evaluation using machine learning techniques

Epoxy resins, prized for their versatile properties, are derived from bio-based materials, contributing to sustainability and eco-friendliness in both production and application. This study focuses on the application of gradient boosting machine learning techniques in the field of machining to predict the surface roughness and also the contour based experimental validation of the numerical results. The turning experiments, conducted via Taguchi's L27 array, aimed to explore the effects of depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed. Higher spindle speeds, lower feed rates, and shallower cuts led to smoother surfaces in turned jute/basalt epoxy composites. Machine learning models (Gradient Boosting Machine, AdaBoost, and XGBoost) were then used to predict surface roughness. Amongst these, XGBoost outperformed GBM and AdaBoost, exhibiting maximum and average prediction errors of 3.78 % and 2.24 %, respectively. XGBoost accurately predicted 2D surface roughness contours that closely matched experimental contours for training and test cases. Taguchi's Orthogonal Matrix identified minimum surface roughness values as 0.773 μm (experimental), 0.800 μm (GBM), 0.880 μm (AdaBoost), and 0.774 μm (XGBoost). All were achieved at 1500 rpm spindle speed, 0.05 mm/rev feed rate, and 0.3 mm depth of cut