Evolution of Till Stratigraphy in Union County, Ohio

Author Institution: Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water, Ground Water Resources SectionInitial, Superconducting Super Collider-related fieldwork in Union County employed the stratigraphic scheme successfully used by the Division of Geological Survey in north-central Ohio. Descriptions and laboratory analyses of tills collected from outcrops and cores demonstrated that this scheme worked remarkably well. Tills, from youngest to oldest, were the clayey Hiram and Hayesville tills; the compact, silty upper Millbrook Till; the clayey middle Millbrook Till; and the sandy lower Millbrook Till. The sandy, noncompact Navarre Till appeared to be absent. The clayey Hiram and Hayesville tills become thin at the Powell Moraine and are absent south of the moraine. Southward from the Powell Moraine, a noncompact, sandy till closely resembling the Navarre Till was observed. West of Marysville, the entire sequence of tills becomes appreciably more clayey. Observed variations in the till stratigraphy may reflect an actual change of till sheets, a facies change, or both. Historically, stratigraphic schemes developed by Totten, Forsyth, and Goldthwait have been utilized in the Scioto Lobe. As a result of these multiple schemes, a complex and somewhat overlapping variety of names are available for tills observed in Union County. This paper reviews the relevance and utility of previous schemes, suggests correlations between them, and makes recommendations for their use. Additionally, a summarized scheme for Union County is presented

Quaternary Stratigraphy of Richfield Township, Summit County Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, University of Akron ; Department of Geology, Miami UniversityBorings and measured sections were used to trace 3 Wisconsinan tills in Richfield Township of Summit County in northeastern Ohio. Various fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits were found underlying, overlying, and between the tills. The tills were differentiated upon the basis of stratigraphy, texture, and mineralogy. Generally, the tills grade from coarse-grained with high quartz/feldspar and alkali feldspar/plagioclase values as their age decreases. The Early Wisconsinan Mogadore Till is identified by its sandy nature and dolomitic carbonate content and may have been deposited by either the Grand River lobe or the Killbuck lobe. An unnamed till of indeterminable age has nearly equal amounts of calcite and dolomite. Not enough evidence has been acquired to determine if this till represents a readvance of Mogadore ice or a facies of the Kent (Navarre) Till. The Late Wisconsinan Lavery Till is characterized by black shale fragments. Both may have been deposited by the Cuyahoga lobe

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dalam Pembangunan Di Kecamatan Motoling Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This study is to determine how the implementation of the policy of women empowerment, khsusnya programs / activities SPP-PNPM Mandiri in the district. The method used in this study is a qualitative method. The focus of the research is the implementation of policies and the results of policy implementation SPP / the SPP program. Source of research data is PNPM actors at the district level (district government, UPK PNPM Mandiri, and district facilitators) and PNPM actors at the village level, the overall total of 18 people . Collecting data using interview techniques. The analysis technique used is the qualitative analysis of interactive model of Miles and Hubermann. The results provide conclusion: (1) Implementation of the empowerment of women in development policies in the district of West Motoling through SPP-PNPM Rural in general has done well and correctly in accordance with the procedures and mechanisms that have been established. (2) The implementation of women\u27s empowerment in development policy in the district of West Motoling through SPP-PNPM results and positive impact on women, especially women of poor households (RTM) to increase the potential and ability in improving the economic condition of the family, and also impact on the progress of the development of rural economies in the village savings and loan activities are managed by women. Based on this research are suggested: (1) women\u27s empowerment in development policy through SPP-PNPM Mandiri, should be continued and enhanced implementation. (2) The allocation of funds for the PNPM Mandiri SPP activities specified maximum of 25% of the PNPM Mandiri district funds, need to be considered to be improved, (3) Local Government should allocate more funds from the budget adequate to support programs to empower women of poor households

A New Analysis Method for WIMP searches with Dual-Phase Liquid Xe TPCs

A new data analysis method based on physical observables for WIMP dark matter searches with noble liquid Xe dual-phase TPCs is presented. Traditionally, the nuclear recoil energy from a scatter in the liquid target has been estimated by means of the initial prompt scintillation light (S1) produced at the interaction vertex. The ionization charge (C2), or its secondary scintillation (S2), is combined with the primary scintillation in Log(S2/S1) vs. S1 only as a discrimination parameter against electron recoil background. Arguments in favor of C2 as the more reliable nuclear recoil energy estimator than S1 are presented. The new phase space of Log(S1/C2) vs. C2 is introduced as more efficient for nuclear recoil acceptance and exhibiting superior energy resolution. This is achieved without compromising the discrimination power of the LXe TPC, nor its 3D event reconstruction and fiducialization capability, as is the case for analyses that exploit only the ionization channel. Finally, the concept of two independent energy estimators for background rejection is presented: E2 as the primary (based on C2) and E1 as the secondary (based on S1). Log(E1/E2) vs. E2 is shown to be the most appropriate phase space in which to evaluate WIMP signal candidates

Further Explorations into Ohio's Fractured Environment: Introduction to The Ohio Journal of Science's Second Special Issue on Fractures in Ohio's Glacial Tills

Author Institution: Bennett and Williams Environmental Consultants Inc., Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Dept of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Ohio Dept of Natural Resources, Division of Water, Columbus, OHThis paper summarizes the history of the Ohio Fracture Flow Working Group (OFFWG), describes their activities since the publication of the first special issue of The Ohio Journal of Science in 2000, and references selected recent publications by Ohio researchers, other researchers in the United States, and research efforts internationally. It also serves as an introduction to and overview of this second special issue of The Ohio Journal of Science. DEDICATION. This special issue is dedicated to Jane L. Forsyth and Truman W. Bennett for their foundational contributions to glacial geology and hydrogeology, respectively, and their roles in understanding fractures in unconsolidated (glacial) materials

Liquid Xenon Detectors for Positron Emission Tomography

PET is a functional imaging technique based on detection of annihilation photons following beta decay producing positrons. In this paper, we present the concept of a new PET system for preclinical applications consisting of a ring of twelve time projection chambers filled with liquid xenon viewed by avalanche photodiodes. Simultaneous measurement of ionization charge and scintillation light leads to a significant improvement to spatial resolution, image quality, and sensitivity. Simulated performance shows that an energy resolution of <10% (FWHM) and a sensitivity of 15% are achievable. First tests with a prototype TPC indicate position resolution <1 mm (FWHM).Comment: Paper presented at the International Nuclear Physics Conference, Vancouver, Canada, 201

Operation of a 1-Liter-Volume Gaseous Argon Scintillation Counter

We have built a gas-phase argon ionization detector to measure small nuclear recoil energies (< 10 keVee). In this paper, we describe the detector response to X-ray and gamma calibration sources, including analysis of pulse shapes, software triggers, optimization of gas content, and energy- and position-dependence of the signal. We compare our experimental results against simulation using a 5.9-keV X-ray source, as well as higher-energy gamma sources up to 1332 keV. We conclude with a description of the detector, DAQ, and software settings optimized for a measurement of the low-energy nuclear quenching factor in gaseous argon. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Funded by Lab-wide LDRD. LLNL-JRNL-415990-DRAFT.Comment: 29 pages, single-column, double-spaced, 21 figure

DRASTIC Hydrogeologic Settings Modified for Fractured Till: Part 1. Theory

Author Institution: Bennett & Williams Environmental Consultants Inc., Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Water, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Bennett & Williams Environmental Consultants Inc., Columbus, OHThe ground water vulnerability assessment model, DRASTIC, has been modified to better evaluate the effect of fractured till. In the mid-1980s, the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) Division of Water began statewide, county-by-county mapping of the potential for ground water pollution. Eventually it was recognized that the original DRASTIC methodology needed to be modified to incorporate the concept of double-block porosity and preferential flow through Ohio’s fractured glacial tills. Glacial till was eventually recognized as a unique vadose zone media, and different ratings were assigned to the various till lithologies. It was determined that thin, weathered, highly-fractured tills should be more highly rated by increasing the rating of “R” Net Recharge and “I” Impact of the vadose zone media, where appropriate. In rare instances, the ratings of very thin soils (“S” Soil media) were modified to reflect the nature of underlying parent materials. In contrast, extremely thick sequences of unweathered till were given lower ratings for “R” Net Recharge and “I” Impact of the vadose zone media. DRASTIC maps have been completed for 76% of the 88 counties in Ohio. With the advent of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, compiling a county DRASTIC map has become faster, and publication costs have been significantly reduced. GIS provides the tools to review and quickly modify historical mapping efforts that predate the fracture modification. This paper reviews the history of DRASTIC mapping in Ohio, presents the theory of modifications for fractures, and includes some discussion of Ohio regulatory applications

DRASTIC Hydrogeologic Settings Modified for Fractured Till: Part 2. Field Observations

Author Institution: Bennett & Williams Environmental Consultants Inc., Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Dept. of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Division of Water, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Columbus, OHAuthor Institution: Bennett & Williams Environmental Consultants Inc., Columbus, OHDeveloped as a companion paper to "DRASTIC Hydrogeologic Settings Modified for Fractured Till: Part 1. Theory," twenty-one field sites around glaciated Ohio were visited to determine if fractures were present in the soils and underlying parent materials at each location. Four sites were featured with indepth discussions. In all, 23 of the original 95 fractured soils identified in Tornes and others (2000) were confirmed in the field and four new soils were added to the list: Amanda, Avonburg, Blanchester, and Clermont. Settings were grouped by common glacial and soils characteristics where they were linked to predict similar conditions over a wider ranging area. Modifications to their site specific DRASTIC ratings can be extrapolated to the larger geologic regions. All 21 sites were evaluated for their DRASTIC settings and new Ground Water Pollution Potential numbers were assigned where necessary. Modification of the DRASTIC mapping method has made the Ohio Ground Water Pollution Potential mapping program more protective of Ohio's ground water supplies. DRASTIC mapping efforts can play an important role in not only statewide but also local ground water pollution protection efforts