Electrical and non electrical characteristics for the fast detection of high current free-burning arcs

To guarantee save and reliable operation of low voltage grid devices and to protect all devices from disturbance or damage, it is absolutely necessary to separate normal operation from fault state. A typical fault state with an enormous hazard potential is the arc fault. Due to the high level of energy involved, it can lead to the total write-off of affected devices and hence interrupt the energy supply (service). To prevent extensive consequences, there is a high demand to detect these error conditions and to terminate the fault state in a period of a few milliseconds. The analysis of typical electrical and non-electrical signals with numerical algorithms enables fast detection of arc faults

Do or don’t: : results of a multinational survey on antibiotic prophylaxis in urodynamics

Antibiotic prophylaxis contributes substantially to the increase in antibiotic resistance rates worldwide. This investigation aims to assess the current standard of practice in using antibiotic prophylaxis for urodynamics (UDS) and identify barriers to guideline adherence. An online survey using a 22-item questionnaire designed according to the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) was circulated among urologists and gynecologists in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland between September 2021 and March 2022. A total of 105 questionnaires were eligible for analysis. Out of 105 completed surveys, most responders (n = 99, 94%) regularly perform dipstick urine analysis prior to urodynamics, but do not perform a urine culture (n = 68, 65%). Ninety-eight (93%) participants refrain from using antibiotic prophylaxis, and sixty-eight (65%) use prophylaxis if complicating factors exist. If asymptomatic bacteriuria is present, approximately 54 (52%) participants omit UDS and reschedule the procedure until antimicrobial susceptibility testing is available. Seventy-eight (78%) participants do not have a standard procedure for antibiotic prophylaxis in their department. Part of the strategy against the development of bacterial resistance is the optimized use of antibiotics, including antibiotic prophylaxis in urodynamics. Establishing a standard procedure is necessary and purposeful to harmonize both aspects in the field of urological diagnostics