Decisional and emotional forgiveness scales: Psychometric validity and correlates with personality and vengeance.

Forgiveness is an internal process to overcome negative aspects (e.g., anger, bitterness, resentment) towards an offender, being associated to a range of variables (e.g., well-being, quality of loving relationships, resilience). Forgiveness can happen through two different types: (1) decisional, which is a behavioural modification to reduce direct hostility; and (2) emotional, which is a transformation of negative emotions into positive. The current research aimed to gather psychometric evidences for the Decisional Forgiveness Scale (DFS) and the Emotional Forgiveness Scale (EFS), using a Brazilian sample. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1 (n = 181), the bifactorial structures were replicated, also providing satisfactory reliability levels. Through Item Response Theory, results indicated good discrimination, difficulty levels, and considerable information to all the items from both measures. In Study 2 (n = 220), confirmatory factor analyses confirmed their structure, presenting good model fit. The measures were also invariant regarding participants’ gender. Finally, the measures presented significant results when correlated to personality and vengeance. In sum, the instruments demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties, evidencing the possibility of their use in the respective context.The authors acknowledge financial support from the CAPES Foundation (Brazil, http://www.capes.gov.br/) for the Ph.D. scholarship to the second author. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Just world beliefs and forgiveness: the mediating role of implicit theories of relationships

Abstract not availableJonathan Bartholomaeus, Peter Strela

Temporal relationship between infestation with lice (Bovicola ovis Schrank) and the development of pruritic behaviour and fleece derangement in sheep

Abstract not availableP.J. James, F.W. Bartholomaeus, L.J.E. Karlsso

A trialogue about method in rural education

This three-way conversation or 'trialogue' demonstrates that people come to research in rural education in a variety of ways, with the personal journey of the researcher impacting on research questions, how the research is conceptualised and the importance ascribed to research problems. Mike and John became committed to rural education through their first appointments as teachers, while Pam's commitment comes from being a lifelong rural resident. We each continue to participate in our rural communities and have concerns about policies for education in rural communities and for the future wellbeing of rural communities. In what we have called a 'trialogue', we reflect on how we became researchers of/in rural education and share some of our research priorities and then move to discussion about our individual and collective understanding of researcher objectivity. We conclude with an exchange about rural education research in an era of globalization, including measures of educational outcomes, the importance of understanding and fore grounding the complexity of rural education and taking 'radical hope' into rural education. We have decided to use this 'trialogue' approach as a tool both to help us make explicit the views that underpin and shape our research, and to stimulate those interested in learning more about rural research