Long-range attraction between particles in dusty plasma and partial surface tension of dusty phase boundary

Effective potential of a charged dusty particle moving in homogeneous plasma has a negative part that provides attraction between similarly charged dusty particles. A depth of this potential well is great enough to ensure both stability of crystal structure of dusty plasma and sizable value of surface tension of a boundary surface of dusty region. The latter depends on the orientation of the surface relative to the counter-ion flow, namely, it is maximal and positive for the surface normal to the flow and minimal and negative for the surface along the flow. For the most cases of dusty plasma in a gas discharge, a value of the first of them is more than sufficient to ensure stability of lenticular dusty phase void oriented across the counter-ion flow.Comment: LATEX, REVTEX4, 7 pages, 6 figure

Semianalytical Universal Simulation of the Electrical Properties of the Permeable Base Transistor

Using only a few numerical calculations, we give the analytical current-voltage and charge-voltage characteristics valid for any PBT. The highest unity current gain frequency (f,) corresponding to the current technology is on the order of 30 GHz; nevertheless, the oscillation frequency can be higher than 100 GHz. 1

Mechanistic Insights and Technical Challenges in Sulfur-Based Batteries:A Comprehensive <i>In Situ/Operando</i> Monitoring Toolbox

Batteries based on sulfur cathodes offer a promising energy storage solution due to their potential for high performance, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. However, commercial viability is challenged by issues such as polysulfide migration, volume changes, uneven phase nucleation, limited ion transport, and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Addressing these challenges requires insights into the structural, morphological, and chemical evolution of phases, the associated volume changes and internal stresses, and ion and polysulfide diffusion within the battery. Such insights can only be obtained through real-time reaction monitoring within the battery's operational environment, supported by molecular dynamics simulations and advanced artificial intelligence-driven data analysis. This review provides an overview of in situ/operando techniques for real-time tracking of these processes in sulfur-based batteries and explores the integration of simulations with experimental data to provide a holistic understanding of the critical challenges, enabling advancements in their development and commercial adoption

Association between routine laboratory tests and long-term mortality among acutely admitted older medical patients: a cohort study

BACKGROUND: Older people have the highest incidence of acute medical admissions. Old age and acute hospital admissions are associated with a high risk of adverse health outcomes after discharge, such as reduced physical performance, readmissions and mortality. Hospitalisations in this population are often by acute admission and through the emergency department. This, along with the rapidly increasing proportion of older people, warrants the need for clinically feasible tools that can systematically assess vulnerability in older medical patients upon acute hospital admission. These are essential for prioritising treatment during hospitalisation and after discharge. Here we explore whether an abbreviated form of the FI-Lab frailty index, calculated as the number of admission laboratory test results outside of the reference interval (FI-OutRef) was associated with long term mortality among acutely admitted older medical patients. Secondly, we investigate other markers of aging (age, total number of chronic diagnoses, new chronic diagnoses, and new acute admissions) and their associations with long-term mortality. METHODS: A cohort study of acutely admitted medical patients aged 65 or older. Survival time within a 3 years post-discharge follow up period was used as the outcome. The associations between the markers and survival time were investigated by Cox regression analyses. For analyses, all markers were grouped by quartiles. RESULTS: A total of 4,005 patients were included. Among the 3,172 patients without a cancer diagnosis, mortality within 3 years was 39.9%. Univariate and multiple regression analyses for each marker showed that all were significantly associated with post-discharge survival. The changes between the estimates for the FI-OutRef quartiles in the univariate- and the multiple analyses were negligible. Among all the markers investigated, FI-OutRef had the highest hazard ratio of the fourth quartile versus the first quartile: 3.45 (95% CI: 2.83-s4.22, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among acutely admitted older medical patients, FI-OutRef was strongly associated with long-term mortality. This association was independent of age, sex, and number of chronic diagnoses, new chronic diagnoses, and new acute admissions. Hence FI-OutRef could be a biomarker of advancement of aging within the acute care setting. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0434-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Mechanistic Insights and Technical Challenges in Sulfur Based Batteries A Comprehensive In Situ Operando Monitoring Toolbox

Batteries based on sulfur cathodes offer a promising energy storage solution due to their potential for high performance, cost effectiveness, and sustainability. However, commercial viability is challenged by issues such as polysulfide migration, volume changes, uneven phase nucleation, limited ion transport, and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. Addressing these challenges requires insights into the structural, morphological, and chemical evolution of phases, the associated volume changes and internal stresses, and ion and polysulfide diffusion within the battery. Such insights can only be obtained through real time reaction monitoring within the battery s operational environment, supported by molecular dynamics simulations and advanced artificial intelligence driven data analysis. This review provides an overview of in situ operando techniques for real time tracking of these processes in sulfur based batteries and explores the integration of simulations with experimental data to provide a holistic understanding of the critical challenges, enabling advancements in their development and commercial adoptio