Letter from Thomas Copes to George Sibley, April 10, 1829

Transcript of Letter from Thomas Copes to George Sibley, April 10, 1829. Copes discusses the sale of some property

PAUSED for thought? Using verbal protocol analysis to understand the situational and temporal cues in the decision-making of residential burglars

Using verbal protocol analysis (VPA) alongside semi-structured interviews, this research aimed to explicate the situational dynamics that inform the decision-making and target selection of residential burglars. Focusing on the VPA method, novel to criminological research, the paper considers the contribution of this empirical approach for studying the decision-making of offenders in situ. The findings reveal a series of cues, encapsulated in the ‘PAUSED’ model, that are drawn upon by residential burglars to assess the suitability of a target; determining whether it is profitable, accessible, uninterruptible, surveillable, escapable and/or dishonourable. The PAUSED model is unpacked to articulate a collection of visual stimuli that serve to disrupt and suspend the otherwise rapid flow of target appraisal. Discussion of the strengths and limitations of the VPA method, and how it can compliment other approaches to understanding the decision-making of residential burglars, is provided

Multidecadal variability in Atlas cedar growth in northwest Africa during the last 850 years: implications for dieback and conservation of an endangered species

Widespread forest dieback is a phenomenon of global concern that requires an improved understanding of the relationship between tree growth and climate to support conservation efforts. One priority for conservation is the Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica), an endangered species exhibiting dieback throughout its North African range. In this study, we evaluate the long-term context for recent dieback and develop a projection of future C. atlantica growth by exploring the periodic variability of its growth through time. First, we present a new C. atlantica tree- ring chronology (1150–2013 CE) from the Middle Atlas mountains, Morocco. We then compare the new chronology to existing C. atlantica chronologies in Morocco and use principal components analysis (PCA) to isolate the common periodic signal from the seven longest available records (PCA7, 1271–1984 CE) in the Middle and High Atlas portions of the C. atlantica range. PCA7 captures 55.7% of the variance and contains significant multidecadal ( ̃95yr, ̃57yr, ̃21yr) periodic components, revealed through spectral and wavelet analyses. Parallel analyses of historical climate data (1901–2016 CE) suggests that the multidecadal growth signal ori- ginates primarily in growing season (spring and summer) precipitation variability, compounded by slow- changing components of summer and winter temperatures. Finally, we model the long-term growth patterns between 1271–1984 CE using a small number (three to four) of harmonic components, illustrating that sup- pressed growth since the 1970s – a factor implicated in the dieback of this species – is consistent with recurrent climatically-driven growth declines. Forward projection of this model suggests two climatically-favourable periods for growth in the 21st century that may enhance current conservation actions for the long-term survival of the C. atlantica in the Middle and High Atlas mountains

Internet-based prevention of posttraumatic stress symptoms in injured trauma patients: design of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Injured trauma victims are at risk of developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and other post-trauma psychopathology. So far, interventions using cognitive behavioral techniques (CBT) have proven most efficacious in treating early PTSD in highly symptomatic individuals. No early intervention for the prevention of PTSD for all victims has yet proven effective. In the acute psychosocial care for trauma victims, there is a clear need for easily applicable, accessible, cost-efficient early interventions. Objective: To describe the design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the effectiveness of a brief Internet-based early intervention that incorporates CBT techniques with the aim of reducing acute psychological distress and preventing long-term PTSD symptoms in injured trauma victims. Method: In a two armed RCT, 300 injured trauma victims from two Level-1 trauma centers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, will be assigned to an intervention or a control group. Inclusion criteria are: being 18 years of age or older, having experienced a traumatic event according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV and understanding the Dutch language. The intervention group will be given access to the intervention's website (www.traumatips.nl), and are specifically requested to login within the first month postinjury. The primary clinical study outcome is PTSD symptom severity. Secondary outcomes include symptoms of depression and anxiety, quality of life, and social support. In addition, a cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention will be performed. Data are collected at one week post-injury, prior to first login (baseline), and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Analyses will be on an intention-to-treat basis. Discussion: The results will provide more insight into the effects of preventive interventions in general, and Internet-based early interventions specifically, on acute stress reactions and PTSD, in an injured population, during the acute phase after trauma. We will discuss possible strengths and limitations

“<i>I do it because they do it</i>”:social-neutralisation in information security practices of Saudi medical interns

Successful implementation of information security policies (ISP) and IT controls play an important role in safeguarding patient privacy in healthcare organizations. Our study investigates the factors that lead to healthcare practitioners' neutralisation of ISPs, leading to non-compliance. The study adopted a qualitative approach and conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with medical interns and hospital IT department managers and staff in an academic hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study's findings revealed that the MIs imitate their peers' actions and employ similar justifications when violating ISP dictates. Moreover, MI team superiors' (seniors) ISP non-compliance influence MIs tendency to invoke neutralisation techniques. We found that the trust between the medical team members is an essential social facilitator that motivates MIs to invoke neutralisation techniques to justify violating ISP policies and controls. These findings add new insights that help us to understand the relationship between the social context and neutralisation theory in triggering ISP non-compliance

Habitat, Fish Species, and Fish Assemblage Associations of the Topeka Shiner in West-Central Iowa

Our goal was to identify habitat, fish species, and fish assemblages associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners Notropis topeka in stream and off-channel habitat (OCH) of west-central Iowa. Fish assemblages and habitat characteristics were estimated in 67 stream and 27OCHsites during 2010–2011. Topeka Shiners were sampled in 52% of OCH sites, but in only 9% of stream sites, which supports the hypothesis that OCH is an important component of their life history. Fish assemblages containing Topeka Shiners were different from those that did not contain Topeka Shiners in OCH sites, but this was not evident in stream sites. Results from logistic regression models suggested that Topeka Shiner presence was associated with increased submerged vegetation and abundance of Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas. Contrary to the findings of other studies, the abundance of large piscivorous fishes was not associated with the occurrence of Topeka Shiners. Our results provide new information about the biology and life history of the Topeka Shiner that will guide habitat restoration and other recovery efforts

Evaluation of ten strains of Salmonella enteritidis in ricotta stored at 4 and 8 °C

Salmonella Enteritidis es uno los agentes etiológicos involucrados con mayor frecuencia en las infecciones alimentarias registradas en América del Sur. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar diez cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis inoculadas en muestras de ricota e incubadas a 4 y 8°C durante 7 días. A las temperaturas estudiadas los recuentos de Salmonella Enteritidis se mantuvieron constantes durante el período de almacenamiento, lo que implicaría que las temperaturas de almacenamiento estudiadas controlan el desarrollo de este microorganismo.Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the more commonly pathogen involved in food- borne in South America. The aim of this work was evaluate ten Salmonella Enteritidis strains inoculated in ricotta samples, stored at 4 and 8°C for 7 days. Counts of Salmonella Enteritidis were constant during the store period, which would imply that the storage temperatures studied to control development of this organism.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Evaluation of ten strains of Salmonella enteritidis in ricotta stored at 4 and 8 °C

Salmonella Enteritidis es uno los agentes etiológicos involucrados con mayor frecuencia en las infecciones alimentarias registradas en América del Sur. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar diez cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis inoculadas en muestras de ricota e incubadas a 4 y 8°C durante 7 días. A las temperaturas estudiadas los recuentos de Salmonella Enteritidis se mantuvieron constantes durante el período de almacenamiento, lo que implicaría que las temperaturas de almacenamiento estudiadas controlan el desarrollo de este microorganismo.Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the more commonly pathogen involved in food- borne in South America. The aim of this work was evaluate ten Salmonella Enteritidis strains inoculated in ricotta samples, stored at 4 and 8°C for 7 days. Counts of Salmonella Enteritidis were constant during the store period, which would imply that the storage temperatures studied to control development of this organism.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Evaluation of ten strains of Salmonella enteritidis in ricotta stored at 4 and 8 °C

Salmonella Enteritidis es uno los agentes etiológicos involucrados con mayor frecuencia en las infecciones alimentarias registradas en América del Sur. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar diez cepas de Salmonella Enteritidis inoculadas en muestras de ricota e incubadas a 4 y 8°C durante 7 días. A las temperaturas estudiadas los recuentos de Salmonella Enteritidis se mantuvieron constantes durante el período de almacenamiento, lo que implicaría que las temperaturas de almacenamiento estudiadas controlan el desarrollo de este microorganismo.Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the more commonly pathogen involved in food- borne in South America. The aim of this work was evaluate ten Salmonella Enteritidis strains inoculated in ricotta samples, stored at 4 and 8°C for 7 days. Counts of Salmonella Enteritidis were constant during the store period, which would imply that the storage temperatures studied to control development of this organism.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria