Effects of High Energy Particle (HZE) Radiation on the Distal Lung

Major sources of concern for manned space travel are the effects of high energy particle (HZE) radiation on various biological systems, and the consequences of major solar activity. To date, considerable attention has been directed toward HZE-induced alterations both on non-dividing systems, such as the retina, cornea and brain, and on dividing systems, such as the gut and testis. This paper is focused on the morphologically detectable late-occurring alterations in the distal lung, and toward a comparison of the changes with those induced by x -irradiation. Briefly, the salient alterations involve an increase in 1) the width of the septal walls and the capillary and alveolar basal laminae, and 2) the irregularity of the luminal surface of the capillaries, as exemplified by the presence of filipodial projections and blebbing. All alterations were focal in their localization, and no cells of any type (e.g., epithelial, endothelial or stromal) appeared to undergo damage, an observation quite unlike the cellular changes induced by x-irradiation

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Integrated management of jointed goatgrass in the Pacific Northwest

Jointed goatgrass is a weed that competes with wheat, resulting in reduced yield and increased grain dockage. Managing jointed goatgrass in winter wheat requires a systems approach that integrates multiple control tactics, described in this bulletin. Although jointed goatgrass is a major problem in most winter wheat growing areas west of the Mississippi River, the climate and cropping patterns of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) are unique and may influence the choice of options available for effective management of this pest. In particular, producers have noted that by adopting direct seed/reduced tillage management systems, both the number of jointed goatgrass infestations and the densities of these infestations tend to increase

Carbon K-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production in hydrocarbons and carbon oxides by 0.6-2.0-MeV protons

Article discussing research on carbon K-shell x-ray and Auger-electron production in hydrocarbons and carbon oxides by 0.6-2.0-MeV protons

K-shell ionization of elements Ca to Zn for 0.5 to 2.5-MeV/amu 14N-ion bombardment

Article discussing K-shell ionization elements Ca to Zn for 0.5 to 2.5-MeV/amu 14N-ion bombardment

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 1.5-MeV neutrons by the even-A isotopes of zirconium and molybdenum

This article discusses elastic and inelastic scattering of 1.5-MeV neutrons by the even-A isotopes of zirconium and molybdenum

A SWOT Analysis of the Use of Marine, Grain, Terrestrial-Animal and Novel Protein Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds

A variety of new feed ingredients are emerging in the aquaculture feed sector. While the technology readiness of these options varies across and within the new ingredient classes, it remains important to consider them in terms of the overall feed ingredient spectrum. In this review, the use of marine, grain, terrestrial animal by-product and a range of novel (e.g., bacterial and yeast) resources being considered as potential protein feedstuffs for use in aquafeeds is explored. In comparing the nutritional attributes of each of the ingredient classes, an assessment framework is applied based on understanding the critical knowledge required to be able to accommodate any ingredient in a formulation process. To further examine each of the different ingredient classes a Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-and-Threats (SWOT) analysis is applied, to enable some consideration of what future potential may exist across the spectrum and what risks and opportunities they may bring. It is noted that all ingredients have strengths and weaknesses, and that there is no such thing as the perfect ingredient. By better appreciating the positives and negatives of each ingredient, it becomes possible to increase adaptability in responding to the various opportunities for their use in feeds

A SWOT Analysis of the Use of Marine, Grain, Terrestrial-Animal and Novel Protein Ingredients in Aquaculture Feeds

A variety of new feed ingredients are emerging in the aquaculture feed sector. While the technology readiness of these options varies across and within the new ingredient classes, it remains important to consider them in terms of the overall feed ingredient spectrum. In this review, the use of marine, grain, terrestrial animal by-product and a range of novel (e.g., bacterial and yeast) resources being considered as potential protein feedstuffs for use in aquafeeds is explored. In comparing the nutritional attributes of each of the ingredient classes, an assessment framework is applied based on understanding the critical knowledge required to be able to accommodate any ingredient in a formulation process. To further examine each of the different ingredient classes a Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-and-Threats (SWOT) analysis is applied, to enable some consideration of what future potential may exist across the spectrum and what risks and opportunities they may bring. It is noted that all ingredients have strengths and weaknesses, and that there is no such thing as the perfect ingredient. By better appreciating the positives and negatives of each ingredient, it becomes possible to increase adaptability in responding to the various opportunities for their use in feeds

Projectile charge-state dependence of K-shell ionization by silicon ions: A comparison of Coulomb ionization theories for direct ionization and electron capture with x-ray production data

Article discussing projectile charge-state dependence of K-shell ionization by silicon ions and a comparison of Coulomb ionization theories for direct ionization and electron capture with x-ray production data

L-shell x-ray production cross sections of Ni, Cu, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Pd by (0.25-2.5)-MeV protons

Article discussing L-shell x-ray production cross sections of Ni, Cu, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, and Pd by (0.25-2.5)-MeV protons