Ploidy elicits a whole-genome dosage effect: growth of triploid Atlantic salmon is linked to the genetic origin of the second maternal chromosome set

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Predictors of Treatment Attrition Among an Outpatient Clinic Sample of Youths With Clinically Significant Anxiety

Predictors of treatment attrition were examined in a sample of 197 youths (ages 5–18) with clinically-significant symptoms of anxiety seeking psychotherapy services at a community-based outpatient mental health clinic (OMHC). Two related definitions of attrition were considered: (a) clinician-rated dropout (CR), and (b) CR dropout qualified by phase of treatment (pre, early, or late phases) (PT). Across both definitions, rates of attrition in the OMHC sample were higher than those for anxious youths treated in randomized controlled trials, and comorbid depression symptoms predicted dropout, with a higher rate of depressed youths dropping out later in treatment (after 6 sessions). Using the PT definition, minority status also predicted attrition, with more African-American youths lost pre-treatment. Other demographic (age, gender, single parent status) and clinical (externalizing symptoms, anxiety severity) characteristics were not significantly associated with attrition using either definition. Implications for services for anxious youths in public service settings are discussed. Results highlight the important role of comorbid depression in the treatment of anxious youth and the potential value of targeted retention efforts for ethnic minority families early in the treatment process

Clinician and Parent Perspectives on Parent and Family Contextual Factors that Impact Community Mental Health Services for Children with Behavior Problems

The present study employed qualitative methods to examine multiple stakeholder perspectives regarding the role of parent and family contextual factors on community child mental health treatment for children with behavior problems. Findings suggest agreement between clinicians and parents on the number, types and importance of parent and family factors in children’s mental health services; however, stakeholders differed in reports of which factors were most salient. Specifically, clinicians endorsed most factors as being equally salient, while parents described a few salient factors, with parental stress and inadequate social support being the most frequently discussed. These qualitative data further elucidate the context of community services and have implications for evidence-based practice implementation and improving community care

PERFORMANCE OF CROSSES OF SELECTED LINES OF<i>TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM</i>

Data from diallel crosses of seleced lines of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) with various degrees of inbreeding were analysed to determine the breeding potential of the selected lines for general combining ability (g.c.a.) and specific combining ability (s.c.a.). Crosses of lines selected for high pupa weight did not restore the losses of pupal weight due to inbreeding. In the downward selected lines, a reversal of inbreeding depression at five levels of inbreeding (0.12 &lt; F &lt; 0.79) was observed only among crosses of minimal inbreeding lines. G.c.a. effects were more often significant than those of s.c.a. which were significant only in crosses of full sib lines.</jats:p

TWO-WAY SELECTION ON PUPAL WEIGHT WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF INBREEDING IN <i>TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM</i>

Responses to selection for high and low pupal weight in Tribolium castaneum under four different inbreeding systems and two different relative humidities (40 and 70%) were observed for seven generations. By the seventh generation, the coefficients of inbreeding ranged from 0.79 in the full sib lines to 0.12 in the control lines.Heritability of pupal weight estimated by mid-parent offspring regression from the base population was around 0.30 which is lower than the estimates obtained by Bell (1969). However, realized heritabilities were around 0.50. Significant progress was observed for both upward and downward selection. A linear response in pupal weight was observed for most of the selected lines, suggesting that the selection limit had not been reached.Inbreeding caused a reduction of approximately two offspring per 10% increment in the inbreeding coefficient.Asymmetric responses were noted in conjunction with the significant interaction of the degree of inbreeding and the direction of selection. </jats:p

THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND GENOTYPE ON THE GROWTH RATE OF HATCHERY-REARED SALMONIDS

Growth rates of three salmonid species, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), lake trout (S. namaycush), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and one hybrid, splake (S. namaycush × S. fontinalis) were compared at 10 and 16 °C. Two strains of each species, and one of the splake hybrid were examined. At 10 °C the ranking of specific growth rate from highest to lowest for species was: rainbow trout, lake trout, splake, brook trout. At 16 °C the order was: brook trout, rainbow trout, splake, and lake trout. Brook trout, rainbow trout and splake had significantly higher specific growth rates at 16 °C but lake trout showed no difference at the two temperatures. Strain differences were significant in lake trout and rainbow trout, but not in brook trout. Rainbow trout showed a significant strain by temperature interaction. The ranking of feed conversion efficiencies from best to poorest was: lake trout, 10 °C; splake, 10 °C; brook trout, 16 °C; splake, 16 °C; rainbow trout, 16 °C; rainbow trout, 10 °C; lake trout, 16 °C; brook trout, 10 °C. Key words: Temperature, genetics, growth, salmonids, aquaculture </jats:p

AN INVESTIGATION OF GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN RELATION TO A SELECTION EXPERIMENT IN <i>TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM</i>

An experiment involving the selection of certain lines of Tribolium castaneum for larva weight and others for offspring number in both wet and dry environments was carried out over nine generations. No apparent interactions of environment-selected-in × environment-tested-in was found. That is, the environment-selected-in did not condition response to selection for larva weight, although some slight tendency toward this type of effect was noted for offspring number. However, lines selected for high larva weight showed greater response over controls when tested in the wet as opposed to the dry environment.Crosses of the respective lines indicated that the hatchability of lines selected for larva weight was elevated when they were shifted from the dry to the wet environment. However, the reverse trend was apparent for the control lines. A cross of lines selected for offspring number in wet and dry environments respectively showed repeated superiority in hatchability over other lines and crosses to which it was compared. </jats:p