Severity of Chronic Venous Insufficiency on Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes

Current screening guidelines for intoxicated trauma patients favor the routine use of cervicalspine (c-spine) CT scans. The objective of this study was to identify parameters that predispose intoxicated trauma patients to c-spine injuries in order to refine diagnostic imaging utilization. A retrospective chart review of intoxicated adult trauma patients involved in motor vehicle collisions presenting to a Level I trauma center from March 2020-September 2021 was performed. Baseline demographics, protective devices, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were assessed in patients with c-spine fractures or nerve root damage, diagnosed by clinical examination and imaging, compared to patients without injuries. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Of 485 patients, 8% (N=40) had c-spine injuries. Patients between the ages of 45-64 years (p=0.007) or with an ISS between 16-49 (p≤0.03) were most likely to have c-spine injuries. While airbag deployment was similar between groups (p=0.7), the use of seatbelts or all three protective devices was associated with no injuries (p=0.01). On multivariate analysis, ISS (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10,